There is a growing interest in utilizing technology tools such as augmented reality to support individuals with disability in general and intellectual disabilities in particular. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of augmented reality technology in improving positive outcomes of individual with intellectual disabilities. Following Arksey and O’Malley and Kitchenham guideline, a meta-analysis of the overall effect of augmented reality on individuals with intellectual disabilities was conducted. Twenty-two studies were considered to explore the effect of augmented reality technology on the outcomes of individuals with intellectual disabilities. The result of the majority of the studies indicated that augmented reality technology was effective in improving positive outcomes among individuals with intellectual disabilities. Hence, the study offers the benefits of utilizing augmented reality technology in special needs setting and could be a successful technology among individuals with intellectual disabilities.
Literary contrasts are rhetorical devices which, by combining disparate ideas, states, and scenes, consolidate authors' tableaux and render them more impressive and pithy. This invigorating effect comes from the unexpectedness of intertwining elements that usually do not coincide. Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre abounds with contrasting situations and constituents. This paper discusses the nature of these contrasts and their contribution to Bronte's chef d'oeuvre. Analysis reveals the significant role of literary contrasts in portraying interactions between characters and their surroundings including human beings, nature, and society. Tracing contrasting imagery depicting the progress of the protagonist's character, one discerns a variety of messages about human experience. Of special significance is Bronte's skill in showing how the ugly face of domestic violence can poke shamelessly into the vulnerable and innocent world of childhood. Bronte's contrasts evoke a tinge of shock at the way humans can orchestrate miseries of their fellow humans. These miseries can cause more harm than those caused by harsh natural factors like extreme weather conditions. In addition, contrasts in Jane Eyre send strong messages about evils like hypocrisy and social inequities. As the novel unfolds, more contrasting scenes introduce internal conflicts, future prospects as well as themes relating to true love, marriage, and connections going beyond sensory experience. Fortunately, Jane manages to overcome the obstacles and work out the contradictions she faces throughout her long journey of self-fulfillment. Uncertainty and inferiority give way to confidence and sound judgment.
Augmented reality (AR) has become a potential technology tool to improve the skills of students with learning disabilities. The effects of AR technology approach on students with learning disabilities motivation levels is considered as the research motivation. This study examined the effect of the AR on Jordanian 6th grade students’ motivation levels. A quantitative quasi-experimental study is preceded with the pretest-posttest control group design model, where 24 students who identified to have learning disabilities were participated in this study and were randomly divided into two groups. Two groups, control group 12 students were taught conventionally, and 12 students were designated as the experimental group, they used the AR technology for four weeks. The results show significant results for the AR technology in enhancing student motivation. The results concluded the effectiveness of AR technology in enhancing students’ motivation. Keywords: augmented reality, learning disabilities, motivation, science.
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