Methyl red (MR) dye, one of the azo dyes, is mutagenic and its persistence has negative effects on the environment and people’s health. The current work is the first to demonstrate that methyl red dye can be removed effectively and sustainably, utilizing biomass derived from the bark of the Dodonaea viscosa (Hopbush) plant. The Hopbush bark shows effective adsorption of MR, upto 73%, under optimized conditions in an aqueous medium. The experimental conditions were optimized by examining the effect of time, initial dye concentration, pH and ionic strength on the adsorption process in an aqueous medium. Maximum (i.e., 73%) adsorption of MR removal (500 ppm) was observed in highly acidic conditions (pH = 1) at a contact time of 75 min. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich adsorption isotherm appeared to be the most appropriate for characterizing the MR’s adsorption onto the bark of the D. viscosa plant. Furthermore, it was shown that bark powder outperformed animal charcoal, silica gel, and powdered flowers, as well as the leaves of the same species, in terms of adsorption capacity. Thus, a natural adsorbent that is inexpensive and readily available—the bark of the D. viscosa plant—can be used to effectively remove harmful dyes from contaminated water and protect water resources from harmful pollutants.
The dyeing industry uses many chemicals and dyes. After the dying process is completed, they release a significant amount of dyes in wastewater. The dyes’ color emissions are extremely poisonous and dangerous for aquatic and terrestrial life. Due to the toxic nature of dyes, the current study was carried out to evaluate whether it would be effective to employ an adsorption procedure with leaves from the Adiantum capillus-veneris plant as an adsorbent to remove commonly used textile dyes from an aqueous dye solution and wastewater. The effect of pH, concentration, time and the adsorbent dose on the adsorption process was studied in order to determine the maximum adsorption under ideal conditions. The selected pH was 3; the optimum concentration was 30 ppm with a contact time of 90 min and the optimized adsorbent dose was 60 mg. The absorbent under study showed excellent results when compared with commercial adsorbents i.e., animal charcoal and silica gel. The leaves of the Adiantum capillus-veneris plant revealed a maximum removal of 90.36 percent crystal violet dye (adsorption capacity (Qe) 9.05 mg/g) without any treatment to activate or alter the surface chemistry of the biosorbent. Its effectiveness was also tested with water gathered from several sources, including canal water, tap water, distilled water, and saline water, to determine whether it was practical. In both the canal and the tap water, the adsorbent displayed good removal efficiency. From the results of the current study, it can be inferred that the leaves of the Adiantum capillus-veneris plant are a reasonably priced biosorbent that can be used to remove toxic dyes from wastewater to protect water bodies from toxic pollution and can be used to treat industrial wastewater directly.
The fundamental aim of this project was to assess the sonophotocatalytic degradation of textile dyes mostly eluted from industries into wastewater. Such a pretreatment of wastewater makes the water suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes and thereby helps protect the ecosystem. The main objective of this research was to degrade real samples and laboratory-prepared samples sonophotocatalytically using a silver-impregnated ZnO photocatalyst. Reactive dyes, including Fast Yellow AB (FY AB) and Remazol Brilliant Violet-5R (RBV-5R), were degraded via this technique under optimum and enhanced conditions. The photocatalyst was synthesized through a wet impregnation process and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energydispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and UV/vis spectroscopy to examine the morphology, composition, and functional groups of the photocatalyst. Parameters including pH, dosage, dye concentration, scavengers, and effects of oxidizing agents were considered. Under optimal conditions, the degradations were 95.7 and 88.9% for RBV-5R and FY AB, respectively, in 60 min. The pH and oxidizing agents played important roles in the degradation process. Only 43.8 and 32.5% of RBV-5R and FY AB, respectively, were degraded in the absence of an oxidizing agent. With the addition of oxidizing agents, 95.7 and 88.9% of RBV-5R and FY AB degradation occurred, respectively. The optimal pH values for RBV 5-R and FY-AB were 8 and 12, respectively. A comparison between the photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic processes revealed degradation efficiencies of 41 and 33% for RBV-5R and FY-AB, respectively, by the photocatalytic process. Therefore, results indicate the productivity of the sonophotocatalytic degradation process.
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