BackgroundMedulloepithelioma is a rare primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the central nervous system, usually developing in childhood. Due to its rarity, the optimal management is still unknown. The prognosis is poor, especially when resection is incomplete. Adjuvant radiochemotherapy is often indicated.Case presentationWe report a rare case of infratentorial medulloepithelioma in a 3 year old girl. She presented symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. On examination, she had coordination problems, ptosis and exotropia of the right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a large cerebellar vermix tumor. Immuno-histochemistry revealed a diffuse positivity for Vimentin and focal positivity for the epithelial membrane antigen, but Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Synaptophysin were negative, the MIB-1 antibody was very high. She received postoperative craniospinal irradiation and died 7 months later.ConclusionWe describe the features (epidemiological, clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and therapeutic outcomes) of our case and confront it to literature data.
Difficulties have risen while managing Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19, although it meets the Berlin definition. Severe hypoxemia with near-normal compliance was noted along with coagulopathy. Understanding the precise pathophysiology of this atypical ARDS will assist researchers and physicians in improving their therapeutic approach. Previous work is limited to postmortem studies, while our report addresses patients under protective lung mechanical ventilation. An open-lung minithoracotomy was performed in 3 patients who developed ARDS related to COVID-19 and were admitted to the intensive care unit to carry out a pathological and microbiological analysis on lung tissue biopsy. Diffused alveolar damage with hyaline membranes was found, as well as plurifocal fibrin microthrombi and vascular congestion in all patients’ specimens. Microbiological cultures were negative, whereas qualitative Reversed Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) detected SARS-CoV-2 in the pulmonary parenchyma and pleural fluid in two patients. COVID-19 causes progressive ARDS with onset of severe hypoxemia, underlying a dual mechanism: shunt effect through diffused alveolar damage and dead space effect through thrombotic injuries in microvascular beds. It seems reasonable to manage this ventilation-perfusion ratio mismatch using a high dose of anticoagulant combined with glucocorticoids.
Background Mandible can be the site of benign or malignant lesions of different origins, including odontogenic and non-odontogenic lesions. Cartilage-forming tumors have been rarely reported at this site. Chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant cartilage-producing neoplasm that is extremely rare in the mandible. The rarity of cartilage-forming tumor occurrence in the mandible can make diagnosis difficult for pathologists, as they do not expect this type of tumor at this anatomical site. Here we report a case of chondrosarcoma of mandibular angle. Case presentation A 70-year-old Moroccan male patient consulted a dentist for wisdom tooth pain. Wisdom tooth extraction was conducted. After 6 months, the patient reported the recurrence of pain associated with swelling in the mandibular area and paresthesia along the path of the mandibular nerve. A panoramic radiograph demonstrated a mixed radiolucent–opaque lesion involving the mandibular angle. Computed tomography showed a large osteolytic spontaneously hypointense and multilobulated lesion. A biopsy was done. Histopathological examination revealed sheets and irregular lobules of atypical cells presenting cartilaginous differentiation. Tumor cells showed severe nuclear atypia and were located within a hyaline cartilage matrix. Some foci of necrosis were noted. Osteoid deposits were not found. The patient was diagnosed with grade III chondrosarcoma and underwent a right segmental mandibulectomy with submandibular lymph node dissection. Macroscopically, the tumor was localized in the mandibular angle with extension in the mandibular body. Histopathology confirmed the previous diagnosis of grade III chondrosarcoma and did not show any lymph node metastasis. Conclusions Owing to many histological similarities, grade III chondrosarcoma must be distinguished from chondroblastic osteosarcoma and metastatic lesions. In addition, chondroblastic osteosarcoma of the jawbones has a worse prognosis than chondrosarcoma, making the distinction between these two malignant tumors the most important concern of the pathologist when dealing with a cartilage-forming tumor at this site. Surgery with wide excision margins remains the best therapeutic approach, while the role of radiotherapy is controversial. The management of mandibular chondrosarcoma requires a multidisciplinary approach involving maxillofacial surgeons, radiologists, pathologists, and oncologists.
Les tumeurs conjonctives cutanées sont des tumeurs dermiques et/ou hypodermiques relativement fréquentes. Elles sont dominées par les tumeurs bénignes. A travers une série de 121 cas, nous avons étudié le profil épidémiologique, anatomopathologique et évolutif de ces tumeurs. C'est une étude rétrospective réalisée au service d'anatomie pathologique du CHU Mohammed VI de Marrakech entre 2004 et 2012. Il s'agit de 121 patients. La moyenne d’âge était de 36 ans (1-80ans). Le sex-ratio H/F était de 1,12. La tumeur avait un aspect nodulaire dans 90% des cas. Le membre inférieur était la localisation la plus fréquente (30,5%). L’étude anatomopathologique a porté sur un matériel biopsique dans 100% des cas. Soixante-neuf pour cent de ces tumeurs étaient bénignes. Elles étaient représentées essentiellement par les tumeurs vasculaires, suivies par les tumeurs fibreuses et fibro-histiocytaires. Trente et un pour cent des tumeurs étaient malignes. Il s'agissait essentiellement de tumeurs fibreuses et fibro-histiocytaires, suivies de tumeurs vasculaires. L’étude immunohistochimique était réalisée dans 2cas. Le traitement chirurgical était entrepris dans 73% des cas. L’évolution était précisée dans 19% des cas avec une évolution favorable dans 13% des cas. Un cas de décès et 2 cas de récidive étaient notés. Les tumeurs conjonctives cutanées bénignes sont de bon pronostic, mais posent un problème majeur de nosologie et de classification. D'autre part, la prise en charge diagnostique et thérapeutique ainsi que l’évaluation pronostique des sarcomes cutanés restent difficiles.
The risk of tumours including pheochromocytoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) has been reported to be higher in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients.The co-occurrence of pheochromocytoma and GIST among NF1 patients is rare. In this case report, we describe the case of a sixty-five-year- old woman who presented with abdominal pain. CT imaging revealed two abdominal masses. The patient underwent surgical treatment with no complications and after one year remains in oncological remission. The pheochromocytoma and GIST tumours were diagnosed based on pathology. Here, we discuss the rare association of pheochromocytoma and GIST and the asymptomatic presentation of those tumours in an NF1 patient. We further suggest that in NF1 patients a high level of vigilance can help making early diagnosis.
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