Egypt assessed tobacco use among young people and adults through implementation in 2009 of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) among school students aged 13-15 years and the nationally representative Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) among adults aged 15+ years. Both surveys employed cluster sampling to produce nationally representative samples and used standard core questionnaires with optional, country-specific questions. The results indicated that a higher percentage of adolescent girls in Egypt used tobacco than did adult females. Overall, 3.8% of girls aged 13-15 years used some form of tobacco compared with 0.6% of women aged 15+ years. Adolescents were over 14 times more likely than adult women to currently smoke cigarettes and 11 times more likely to smoke waterpipes. Moreover, the prevalence of cigarette smoking among adolescent girls had increased from 1.4% in the 2005 GYTS to 2.8% in 2009, indicating that social and cultural norms may be changing. Prévalence de la consommation de tabac chez les femmes adultes et les adolescentes en ÉgypteRÉSUMÉ L'Égypte a évalué la consommation de tabac chez les jeunes et les adultes au moyen de la mise en oeuvre en 2009 de l'Enquête mondiale sur le tabagisme chez les jeunes auprès des élèves âgés de 13 à 15 ans et de l'Enquête mondiale sur le tabagisme chez les adultes, représentative au niveau national, auprès d'adultes de plus de 15 ans. Les deux enquêtes ont eu recours à des échantillonnages en grappes afin de générer des échantillons représentatifs au niveau national et ont administré des questionnaires de base normalisés complétés par des questions optionnelles spécifiques aux pays. Les résultats ont indiqué qu'en Égypte, le pourcentage de consommatrices de tabac était plus élevé chez les adolescentes que chez les femmes adultes. Globalement, 3,8 % des adolescentes âgées de 13 à 15 ans consommaient du tabac contre 0,6 % des femmes de plus de 15 ans. Les adolescentes étaient 14 fois plus susceptibles de fumer des cigarettes et 11 fois plus susceptibles de fumer la pipe à eau que les femmes adultes. En outre, la prévalence de la consommation de cigarettes chez les adolescentes a augmenté, passant de 1,4 % selon les résultats de l'enquête mondiale sur le tabagisme chez les jeunes de 2005 à 2,8 % en 2009, ce qui indique que les normes sociales et culturelles pourraient être en train de changer.
Introduction The WHO established the MPOWER policy package to boost the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) in 2008 and to provide practical guidance on policies effective at reducing smoking rates. An easily applied Abridged SimSmoke was developed to help countries gauge the effect of these policies using data from the WHO MPOWER/WHO Report (MPOWER Report) and is applied to four Eastern Mediterranean countries. Methods The number of smokers in a country is calculated using the country’s smoking prevalence and population. Policy effect sizes, based on previously validated SimSmoke models, are applied to the smoker populations to determine the reduction in the number of smokers resulting from implementing policies. The number of smoking-attributable deaths is derived based on findings that half of those smokers alive today will die from smoking. Results Within 40 years, implementing the complete set of MPOWER policies is projected to reduce smoking prevalence by 29% (range 15%, 41%) and avert almost 1 (range 0.5, 1.4) million deaths in Egypt, reduce smoking prevalence by 52% (range 36%, 66%) and avert 156 000 (106 000, 196 000) deaths in Lebanon, reduce smoking prevalence by 56% (range 40%, 69%) and avert 3.5 (range 2.5, 4.3) million deaths in Pakistan, and reduce smoking prevalence by 37% (range 21%, 51%) and avert 245 000 (range 138 000, 334 000) deaths in Tunisia. Conclusions The Abridged SimSmoke model has been used to show the number of deaths from smoking and how MPOWER policies can be used to reach the WHO non-communicable deaths voluntary target for cigarette use reduction in four countries.
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