A B S T R A C TBackground: Orbital and ocular trauma is a major cause of monocular blindness and visual impairment worldwide. The department of ophthalmology of the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) only existed at the old Kaduna hospital prior to the full functional take off at the new Shika hospital complex. With the number of orbital/ocular trauma cases and resulting complications on the increase in the eye clinic, a review to determine the incidence, as well as management protocol will lead to improvement in the treatment and visual outcomes of future cases. Aim: To determine the incidence of orbital/ocular trauma in ABUTH, Shika-Zaria. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study involving the analyses of all case fi les of patients who had orbital trauma and were treated at the eye clinic, ABUTH, Shika-Zaria between January 2006 and December 2007. A detailed protocol was used for data entry. Results: A total of 142 (1.8%) patients with orbital/ocular trauma were seen over a period of 2 years. The male to female ratio was 3:1. The age range was 4 months to 65 years. A unimodal age pattern was observed with peak occurrence in those 16-30 years (33.1%), closely followed by age group 0-15 years (32.4%). Individuals most commonly involved in orbital/ocular trauma were students (32.4%), while the home (42.3%) was the most common location where injury occurred. Mild blunt trauma (49.3%) was the most common diagnosis, followed by severe blunt trauma (30.3%). Severe and mild penetrating injury occurred in (16.2%) and (4.2%) of the patients respectively. Conclusion: An important cause of ocular morbidity presenting at the eye clinic of the ABUTH, Shika-Zaria is orbital/ocular trauma. Factors associated with increased occurrences of orbital/ocular trauma include younger age, male gender, being a student, and domestic and road traffi c accidents. More care should be provided at school play grounds, and adequate supervision should be given to vulnerable groups in homes. Road safety rules and guidelines should be enforced on the highways.

ObjectivesRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) will become a major cause of blindness in Nigerian children unless screening and treatment services expand. This article aims to describe the collaborative activities undertaken to improve services for ROP between 2017 and 2020 as well as the outcome of these activities in Nigeria.DesignDescriptive case study.SettingNeonatal intensive care units in Nigeria.ParticipantsStaff providing services for ROP, and 723 preterm infants screened for ROP who fulfilled screening criteria (gestational age <34 weeks or birth weight ≤2000 g, or sickness criteria).Methods and analysisA WhatsApp group was initiated for Nigerian ophthalmologists and neonatologists in 2018. Members participated in a range of capacity-building, national and international collaborative activities between 2017 and 2018. A national protocol for ROP was developed for Nigeria and adopted in 2018; 1 year screening outcome data were collected and analysed. In 2019, an esurvey was used to collect service data from WhatsApp group members for 2017–2018 and to assess challenges in service provision.ResultsIn 2017 only six of the 84 public neonatal units in Nigeria provided ROP services; this number had increased to 20 by 2018. Of the 723 babies screened in 10 units over a year, 127 (17.6%) developed any ROP; and 29 (22.8%) developed type 1 ROP. Only 13 (44.8%) babies were treated, most by intravitreal bevacizumab. The screening criteria were revised in 2020. Challenges included lack of equipment to regulate oxygen and to document and treat ROP, and lack of data systems.ConclusionROP screening coverage and quality improved after national and international collaborative efforts. To scale up and improve services, equipment for neonatal care and ROP treatment is urgently needed, as well as systems to monitor data. Ongoing advocacy is also essential.

Background Urogenital schistosomiasis and HIV/AIDS infections are widespread in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. The co-occurrence of both diseases has led to the possible hypothesis that urogenital schistosomiasis leads to increased risk of acquiring HIV infection. However, the available evidence concerning this association is inconsistent. The aim of this study was to systematically review and quantitatively synthesize studies that investigated the association between urogenital schistosomiasis and HIV/ AIDS infection. Methods A systematic review basing on PRISMA guidelines was conducted. It is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018116648. We searched four databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health and Global Index Medicus for studies investigating the association between urogenital schistosomiasis and HIV infection. Only studies published in English were considered. Results of the association were summarised by gender. A meta-analysis was performed for studies on females using random-effects model and a pooled OR with 95% confidence interval was reported. Results Of the 993 studies screened, only eight observational studies met the inclusion criteria. Across all studies, the reported unadjusted OR ranged from 0.78 to 3.76. The pooled estimate of unadjusted OR among females was 1.31 (95% CI: 0.87-1.99). Only four of the eight studies reported an adjusted OR. A separate meta-analysis done in the three studies among females that reported an adjusted OR showed that the pooled estimate was 1.85 (95% CI: 1.17-2.92). There were insufficient data to pool results for association between urogenital schistosomiasis and HIV infection in the males.

No abstract