Pathogenicity of Lecanicillium muscarium, against Eretmocerus sp. nr. furuhashii (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), was investigated under laboratory conditions to determine if the fungal infection of the whiteXy host can eVect the survival, longevity and fecundity of female parasitoid. The results indicated that the number of parasitized larvae surviving a L. muscarium treatment after 6 days of oviposition decreased with increasing concentrations of L. muscarium and in later stages of development (12 days post oviposition) were not aVected by fungal application. There were no signiWcant diVerences on adult parasitoid survivorship after 7 days among all treatments. Maximum survivorship (73.33%) was observed for control and it was minimum (60%) at 1 £ 10 8 conidia/ml. L. muscarium showed a non signiWcant eVect on longevity and next oVsprings of female parasitoids. The percentage emergence of parasitoids from the whiteXy nymphs produced by the females emerged from treated pupae was almost similar. Maximum emergence (69.77%) was observed at 1 £ 10 6 conidia/ml and it was lowest (61.02%) at conidial concentration of 1 £ 10 8 conidia/ml. Maximum longevity of adult Eretmocerus sp. emerging from whiteXy nymphs when treated after 12 days of postoviposition was observed for 1 £ 10 5 conidia/ml having a mean value of 5 days whereas the lowest longevity was 4.9 days observed at 1 £ 10 8 conidia/ml. The results mentioned above indicate that the interaction among biocontrol agents is positive to a greater extent with minimum risk hazards.
Effects of entomopathogenic fungus Verticillium lecanii on biological characteristics and life table of Serangium japonicum, a predator of whiteflies against five different conidial concentrations (1×10 4 , 1×10 5 , 1×10 6 , 1×10 7 , and 1×10 8 conidia/mL) were studied under laboratory conditions. The developmental periods for all immature stages (from eggs, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th instar nymph and pupae up to emergence) among the treatments were significantly different when compared to that of control, and the longest development period was observed as treated with 1× 10 8 spore/mL. However, no significant difference on the percent survival of all immature stages was observed among the treatments and control. Also, there were no significantly different effects of V. lecanii on mean generation time, intrinsic rate, the finite rate of increase and longevity of S. japonicum among the treatments and control.
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