Background This study aims to uncover strategies executed by the tobacco industry against tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) bans at points of sale (PoS) in Turkey. Methods The data are based on a field study conducted in the city of Izmir. There are 10 750 PoS in all of Izmir; the 6200 PoS in the 11 central districts were considered as potential subjects. Using a proportional sampling method (95% confidence interval, 5% margin of error), it was calculated that 384 PoS could adequately represent the whole. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with PoS administrators, using survey form consisting of 53 questions. Descriptive statistics methods have been used to analyze the data. Results Of a total of 384 PoS visited; 96.4% featured at least one type of display/TAPS ban violation, 94.5% featured display settings creating brand dominance on display units, 76.7% received promotional payments and 14.8% received free tobacco products for featured display settings. Additionally, 29.2% of PoS had tobacco product displays visible from outside, 26.8% sold tobacco products on the counter, 24.7% featured advertising items on display units, 19.3% sold tobacco products as single stick and 11.7% had price tags with fonts larger than the legally fixed 20 pt. Conclusions An official institution specializing in tobacco control must be established to continually inspect the tobacco market. Tobacco products must stay hidden, in closed cupboards or under the counter, and communication between PoS and tobacco industry must be limited. In addition, tobacco products must be distributed by government institutions rather than the industry.
zellikle 2010 yılından itibaren tütün mamullerine uygulanan vergilerin yükseltilmesinin ardından, konvansiyonel sigaralara göre %80 daha ucuz olan ve yoğunlukla Adıyaman, Diyarbakır ve Bitlis illerinde üretilen sarmalık tütünlerin kayıtdışı piyasasının, yasal sigara piyasasının %14'ü kadar bir büyüklüğe eriştiği tahmin edilmektedir. Türkiye'de sarmalık tütün üretimi ve kayıtdışı ticaret durumu ile piyasa büyüklüğünün saptanması, tütünlerin kayıt dışı olarak piyasaya arzında kullanılan yöntemlerin belirlenmesi, sarmalık tütün üretimi ve kayıtdışı olarak satışının Adıyaman ili Çelikhan ilçesi ekonomisinde yarattığı katkı ve bunun sürdürülebilirliğinin tespit edilmesi, bu çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın temeli anket çalışması yoluyla, yüz yüze görüşmelerden elde edilen orijinal nitelikli verilerden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada, gayeli örnekleme yöntemi ile 12 üretim noktasında toplam 120 üretici ile anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda çok sayıda bulgu tespit edilmiş olmakla birlikte, tütün mamullerine uygulanan özel tüketim vergisinde yapılan artışların sorunun temel kaynağını oluşturduğu, sarmalık kıyılmış tütün mamulü için uygulanan özel tüketim vergisinin düşürülmesi gerektiği, sarmalık kıyılmış tütün mamulü üretimi için mevzuatta yer alan kısıtlayıcı hükümlerin yeniden düzenlenmesi gerektiği, Çelikhan ve benzeri sarmalık tütün üretim alanlarının Türkiye'ye özgü bir değer olduğundan hareketle, sürdürülebilir sarmalık tütün üretimi için devlet kurumları tarafından tütün üretimi, mamul üretim tesisi ve pazarlanmasına ilişkin çeşitli teşvikler sağlanması gerektiği gibi önemli bulgular tespit edilmiştir. ABSTRACTfter taxes levied on tobacco products have been increased especially as of 2010, it is estimated that illicit market of roll your own tobacco, which is produced mainly in Adıyaman, Diyarbakır and Bitlis provinces, has reached a size of 14% of legal cigarette market. The main aim of this study is to determine the situation of production and illicit trade of roll your own tobacco and the size of its market, the methods using for supplying of tobacco to the market, to identify contribution of the production and illicit trade of roll your own tobacco to the economics of Celikhan district of Adiyaman province and its sustainability. The basis of the study is consisted of authentic data gained by way of conducting survey and face to face interviews. The survey is conducted by using purposive sampling method with 120 tobacco growers in 12 production points. As a result of the study, although there are large number of findings, it is ascertained that increases in special consumption tax levied on tobacco products are the main reason of the problem. In this regard, it is determined that special consumption tax levied on roll your own tobacco product should be reduced, the restrictive provisions provided for in the legislation of roll your own tobacco product should be amended and various financial incentives should be provided by the state institutions for sustainable rolling tobacco produ...
BACKGROUND IQOS is a heated tobacco product which has been spreading worldwide. The manufacturer of the product claims that IQOS is less harmful than conventional cigarettes. OBJECTIVE This study determined the perceptions and attitudes of IQOS users in Turkey and evaluated the possible impacts of heated tobacco products (HTPs) on tobacco control policies and their implementation in the future. METHODS HTPs are banned in Turkey. However, obtaining IQOS in the black market is easy. We conducted a survey consisting of 30 questions by reaching 100 IQOS users within 13 months in the city of Izmir. We used descriptive statistics to analyse the data. RESULTS Of the 100 IQOS users surveyed, (1) 98% stated that IQOS is less harmful than conventional cigarettes (CC); (2) 98% experienced positive changes to their health after completely switching to IQOS from CC; (3) 76% used IQOS in closed spaces; (4) 82% did not reduce their daily tobacco consumption; (5) 62% stated that IQOS encourages ex-smokers to relapse; (6) 80% stated that IQOS stimulates children and young people to start smoking; (7) 86% stated that the smoking satisfaction from IQOS is very close/equal to that from CC; (8) 56% stated that IQOS makes a positive contribution to their personal image; and (9) 40% claimed that quitting IQOS can be easier than quitting CC. CONCLUSIONS HTPs could cause the tobacco epidemic to grow by undermining smokers’ efforts to quit and encouraging ex-smokers, children and young people to start smoking. The idea that IQOS is less harmful than CC, together with the emerging misleading suggestion that nicotine may block COVID-19 symptoms, could trigger the proliferation of HTPs during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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