The subareolar glandular pedicle is indicated for grades 1 and 2 gynecomastia. Circumareolar incision provides perfect exposure. The technique is reliable if the pedicle is dissected 2 mm wider than the areola and dissection under the pedicle is avoided. Postoperative circumareolar scarring is minimal and nipple-areola sensation is preserved in most cases. However, experience is needed to determine the pedicle girth because a wide pedicle leads to subareolar bulk, whereas a thin pedicle may cause partial areola necrosis.
Intramuscular hemangiomas are rare, benign tumors of vascular origin. The masseter is the muscle most commonly involved in the head and neck region. Because of their infrequency, deep location, and unfamiliar presentation, these lesions are seldom correctly diagnosed clinically. This case report presents a severe facial asymmetry caused by a left intramasseteric cavernous hemangioma in a 3-year-old boy. We were unaware of the exact nature of the tumor until intraoperative examination. The routine investigations performed before operation failed to establish a diagnosis. Surgical excision was performed, and 1 year after the operation we observed that the patient's facial asymmetry had been corrected. In this article, we review the literature on intramasseteric hemangioma, discuss the clinical and radiologic diagnostic methods, and review the treatment methods.
Extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas limited to the larynx are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all laryngeal neoplasms. The most common site of development of primary laryngeal lymphomas is the supraglottic region. In most cases, the presenting symptoms are hoarseness, dysphagia, dyspnea, and cervical lymphadenopathy. In these cases, larynx lymphoma was the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type and located in the supraglottic area.
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