Current study was conducted in pot and open field of Bakrajo Technical Institute BTI Field, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani Iraq, during growing season of 2021-2022. The pot experiment was under a one-year rotation of (Triticum aestivum) winter wheat open field cultivation. The applications were PL (poultry litter 50 gm/pot), LM (livestock manure50 gm /pot), and CF (chemical fertilizer 20:20:20 N:P: K in 3 gm/pot) ,the applications testes on growth and yield parameters(Biology.yield/plant(g), 1000-grain weight(g), Weight of spikes/plant(g) Spike length (cm), No. of grains/ spike, No. of spikes/plant Weight, Weight of grains/spike(g), Grain yield/Plant(g)and Harvest Index and the mention application compared withcontrol without using of any chemical ad organic fertilizers .(in A completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications with interaction. The results indicated that applications of interaction of poultry with chemical fertilizer20:20:20 N:P: K in 3 gm/pot positive effect and poultry (poultry litter 50 gm/pot), chemical fertilizer fertilizer20:20:20, interaction of Animal manure with chemical fertilizer and Animal manure (5.313,4.838, 5.833, 3.853, 3.225,1.217), respectively influenced. however, replications effect indicated that R1 top influence and R3, R2 (respectively influenced.
Seven Bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) were used in this investigation. Three genotypes namely (Maroof, Aras, and Hasad) were used as female parents (lines) and four genotypes namely (Alla, Tamuz-2, Adana and Sabr Beg) were used as male parents (testers).The 12 F1’s hybrids with their 7 parents were evaluated during 2018-2019 growing season. Genotypes were crossed in a line×tester matting in Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with three replicates at two Locations; Kanipanka and Qlyasan, at Sulaimani city in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. The pooled analysis of variance confirmed that location had a significant effect on almost all of the studied traits, but it has no effect on grain yield plant-1. The results proved a significant difference between the studied locations in all characters except final yield. At Kanipanka location, Sabr Beg and the cross Maroof×Tamuz-2 granted the highest yield; 26.303 and 23.914 g plant-1respectively.At Qlyasan location Tamuz-2 and the cross Hasad ×Tamuz-2granted the highest yield;19.875 and 19.724 g plant-1 respectively. Tamuz-2 recorded the highest positive General Combining Ability values (2.331and 2.479) for grain yield plant-1 at Kanipanka and Qlyasan, respectively. The cross Maroof ×Tamuz-2 showed the maximum positive Specific Combining Ability effect values (3.034) for grain yield plant-1 at Kanipanka, while at Qlyasan the cross Aras×Sabr Beg record the maximum value with 1.743. Testers brought many variations in the expression of the trait grain yield plant-1 at Kanipanka and Qlyasan, respectively. At both locations, the ratio of σ2gca /σ2sca value was less than one (0.062 and 0.450) and the average degree of dominance value was more than one (4.005 and 1.490) which confirmed that non-additive gene effect was in control for the trait grain yield plant-1. The maximum desirable positive heterosis value (26.082) recorded by the crosses Maroof×Tamuz-2 at Kanipanka location, while at Qlyasan location the cross Aras×SabrBeg recorded the maximum desirable positive heterosis value (26.989) for grain yield plant-1.
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