Aim: To evaluate the effects of papain (Brix 3000), bromelain, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) application to the deep dentin surface on shear bond strength (SBS), microleakage, and dentin surface properties. Materials and Methods: Deep dentin surface ( n = 100) for evaluating SBS, class V preparation at the buccal surface for testing microleakage ( n = 100), and deep dentin slices ( n = 20) for evaluating surface properties were conducted on the 220 molar teeth. Four different deproteinizing agents (Brix 3000, 40% bromelain, 5.25% NaOCl (Chloraxid), and 0.12% ClO2) were applied to the dentin, and then the universal adhesive was used in self-etch (SE) and etch&rinse (E&R). Deproteinizing agents were not applied to the control group. All of the samples were subjected to 5000 cycles of thermal aging at 5ºC–55ºC. SBS (MPa) was tested by a universal testing machine. The microleakage of resin composite bonded with different adhesive modes was evaluated under a stereomicroscope. The changes in the surface morphology were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and attenuated total reflection – fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Results: ClO2 exhibited the highest bond strength among deproteinizing agents. Compared to the SE mode, E&R mode significantly showed higher bond strength ( p < .05). In gingival margin, bromelain SE exhibited the highest marginal leakage, while Brix 3000 SE had the lowest mean microleakage score. Conclusion: Deproteinizing with ClO2 was effective in improving the SBS of universal adhesive in the E&R mode to deep dentin. Deproteinization with bromelain before universal adhesive in SE mode showed more microleakage on both the occlusal and gingival surfaces.
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı iki farklı fakülte (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi ve Atatürk Üniversitesi) de eğitim gören öğrencilerin Restoratif Diş Tedavisi uzmanlığına ilişkin görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesinden 306 öğrenci ve Atatürk Üniversitesinden 428 öğrenci olmak üzere toplam 734 öğrenci katıldı. Çalışmaya birinci sınıf öğrencileri dahil edilmedi. Öğrencilere demografik bilgileriyle ilgili, restoratif diş tedavisinin preklinik, klinik ve uzmanlık konularıyla ilgili ve diğer bölümlerle kıyaslanmasıyla ilgili sorular içeren 24 soruluk bir anketi doldurmaları istendi. Verilerin incelenmesinde tanımlayıcı ve frekans analizleri ve ki kare, bağımsız örneklem t testi, tek yönlü ANOVA testleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin Restoratif Diş Tedavisini tercih ettikleri sıralama iki fakülte öğrenciler arasında farklılık göstermedi (p > 0.05). Ancak öğrencilerin okudukları dönem ile tercih sıralaması arasındaki fark anlamlıydı (p < 0.05) ve dönem artıkça tercih sıralaması olumsuz etkileniyordu. Sonuç: Öğrenciler Restoratif Diş Tedavisi uzmanlığına kişisel olarak ilgi duysalar da maddi gelir nedeniyle üst sıralarda tercih etmemektedirler. Ayrıca fakülteler arasındaki çeşitli farklılıklarda Restoratif Diş Tedavisiyle ilgili görüşü olumlu ya da olumsuz olarak etkiler.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage of universal adhesives. One hundred twenty non-carious human molars were prepared and randomly assigned to two groups: Scotchbond Bond Universal (SBU) and Gluma Bond Universal (GBU). The samples in each group were assigned to five subgroups (n=12) based on one control (water) and four MMPIs (Benzalkonium-chloride (BAC), Batimastat (BB94), Chlorhexidine (CHX), and Epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG)). Each adhesive was applied in self-etch (SE) mode or etch-and-rinse (ER) mode. Dentin/composite sticks were fabricated and subjected to the μTBS test after 24 h or 6 months. At 6 months, MMPIs did not affect the μTBS of the adhesives, regardless of etching mode. Nanoleakage was more pronounced in ER mode than in SE mode for all subgroups. All MMPIs, with the exception of CHX, decreased the nanoleakage of GBU in ER mode.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of extended air‐drying time on the microshear bond strength (MSBS) of universal adhesives to enamel.Materials and MethodsThe distal and mesial specimens from third molars were wet‐ground and randomly assigned to three groups according to adhesives tested (n = 60): Clearfil Bond Universal, Gluma Bond Universal, and G‐Premio Bond. The adhesives were applied in etch‐and‐rinse or self‐etch modes, followed by air‐drying for 5, 15, or 25 s. Composite buildups were constructed and subjected to the MSBS test after 24‐h or thermocycling. MSBS results were evaluated using a four‐way ANOVA. The thickness of the adhesive layer and the degree of solvent evaporation were further evaluated.ResultsAt 24‐h, MSBS of G‐Premio Bond significantly improved with the 25 s air‐drying in both of the etching modes when compared to the 5 s air‐drying. After thermocycling, the extended air‐drying did not produce a significant difference on the MSBS, regardless of the application strategy. Extended air‐drying (25 s) evaporated almost all of the volatile part of Gluma Bond Universal and G‐Premio Bond.ConclusionsExtended air‐drying times increased solvent evaporation but did not contribute to the bonding effectiveness of the adhesives, regardless of the etching mode.Clinical SignificanceAir‐drying applications for more than 5 s had no significant effect on enamel bonding performance of universal adhesives.
Aim: To examine the effects of fluoride, hydroxyapatite, and bromelain-containing toothpaste types on the surface roughness of nanohybrid, nanofilled, flowable, and bulk-fill composites; conventional, light-curing, and low-viscosity glass ionomers; and compomers. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 specimens were fabricated using nanohybrid, nanofilled, flowable, and bulk-fill composites; conventional, light-curing, and low-viscosity glass ionomers; and compomers. Each material group was divided into four subgroups ( n = 5) as follows: Control (C), fluoride toothpaste (FT), bromelain toothpaste (BT), and hydroxyapatite toothpaste (HT). Surface roughness values of all specimens were examined using an optical profilometer and a scanning electron microscope at 500, 1,000, and 3,500 magnifications. Results: The highest average roughness value (Ra; µm) was obtained from the conventional glass ionomer material ( P < .001). While the mean Ra value was 0.155±0.116 µm at baseline, it was 0.262±0.203 µm in the fluoride group, 0.237±0.192 µm in the hydroxyapatite group, 0.260±0.293 µm in the bromelain group, and 0.198± 0.187 µm in the control group ( P < .001). Conclusion: We have found that brushing with various types of toothpaste containing fluoride, bromelain, and hydroxyapatite may not result in obtaining different surface roughness values from different types of restorative materials. Differences in surface roughness values of restorative materials may be found at different magnifications under scanning electron microscope.
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