Today, it has been proven that the nanoparticles such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have widespread use in biomedical applications, for instance, in magnetic resonance imaging and targeted delivery of drugs. Despite many studies on SPIONs in diagnosing some diseases like cancer, it has not been investigated on the oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) detection by the NPs. Hence, the present study has been designed to assess the in vitro cytotoxicity of SPIONs on the isolated mitochondria of OTSCC by mitochondrial tests. Isolated mitochondria were removed from the separated cancer and control tissues from the squamous cells of tango in male Wistar rats (6 or 8 weeks) and exposed to the different concentrations of SPIONs (30, 60, and 120 nM). A rise in the production of reactive oxygen species is one of the significant mechanisms of this study, followed by a collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, the escape of mitochondrial cytochrome c, and mitochondrial swelling in the exposed isolated mitochondria of OTSCC with SPIONs. Furthermore, our results indicated that the exposure to the SPIONs reduced the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in complex II of the mitochondria obtained from cancerous oral tongue squamous. So the SPIONs can induce selective cytotoxicity on the OTSCC mitochondria without significant effects on the control mitochondria. Based on the results and further studies about in vivo experiments in this regard, it is concluded the SPIONs may be a hopeful therapeutic candidate for the treatment of OTSCC. K E Y W O R D S cytotoxicity, mitochondria, oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma, oxidative stress, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles 1 | INTRODUCTION Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity. The incidence of OTSCC is increasing, [1,2] and it has an aggressive clinical behavior with a relatively poor prognosis. [3] The most important risk factors for the development of OTSCC and tongue and oral cavity cancer are tobacco and alcohol; however, tobacco is more carcinogenic than alcohol. [4-7] It has been Jahanfar Jahanbani and Maryam Ghotbi equally share the position of 1st author in this article.

Introduction: It was to compare the efficacy of semiannually fluoride varnish application versus pit and fissure sealant to reduce occlusal caries incidence. Materials and methods: A randomized parallel designed study was conducted with 352 children aged 6-7 years. Participants were allocated into biannual application of varnish (n=179) (NaF 5 %(Durafluor, DENTSPLY®, Latin America) or resin-based fissure sealant (n=173) (Eco Seal, Korea®) single application without previous tooth preparation. Two visual-tactile methods including WHO and Nyvad criteria were used for caries detection. The unit of analysis was tooth surface. χ2 test, t-test, Fisher exact, and multivariable logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: Proportion of caries free (DMF=0) were 79.8% and 79.1% among the sealant and varnish groups respectively. By using Nyvad visualtactile criteria 60.4% and 50.2% of surfaces remained sound in sealant and varnish groups respectively (p < 0.001). The prevented fraction of sealant to varnish by two measures was 3.46 and 20.5 respectively. Regression model showed sealant application (OR=0.34) and tooth brushing >2 times/day (OR=0.8) were protective factors while dmfs>4(OR=0.08), and snack consumption >2 times/day (OR=1.3) were risk factors of caries incidence. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that semiannual fluoride varnish application can be recommended for preventing and reducing occlusal caries in low caries risk population.

Introduction: Few studies on benign soft tissue tumors of oral cavity have been conducted in an Iranian population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the benign soft tissue tumors of the oral cavity in three central pathology centers of Rasht, Iran. Materials and Methods:In this retrospective study, all benign soft tissue tumors of the oral cavity, were retrieved from Razi, Afrah and Poursina Hospital Pathology Laboratories during 2000 to 2008, and demographic data for each case was recorded.Results: From 433(18.4%) benign so ssue tumors, 395(91.2%) reac ve and 38 neoplas c lesions (8.8%) were found. The mean age of the pa ents was 41.89±18.13 years. Females cons tuted 65.4% of the population suffering from lesions. Gingiva was the most common site of tumors (53.1%). The most common lesion in the reactive group was pyogenic granuloma (32.4%, n=128). Hemangioma (39.5%, n=15) and lipoma (36.8%, n=14) were highly no ceable in the neoplastic group respectively.There was no significant correlation between gender and age, and the type of the tumor (Neoplastic or reactive) except the site of involvement. However, a significant correlation existed between the site of lesion and the type of tumor. Conclusion:The most common benign soft tissue tumor was pyogenic granuloma followed by irritation fibroma. Most of the reactive lesions were found in gingiva.

Background and Aim: It has been suggested that oral lichen planus (OLP) can be a potential premalignant lesion. Reports are also available on the role of bcl-2 and p53 proteins in malignant transformation of OLP into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Due to controversies in these reports, the present study aimed to compare the expression of p53 and bcl-2 markers in OLP and OSCC. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed on erosive OLP and well-differentiated OSCC samples using bcl-2 and p53 antibodies. One-thousand cells per slide were counted, and the results were reported as percentages. The results were scored, and Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare staining grades in the two lesions. Results: Twenty-two OLP and 25 OSCC samples with a mean age of 49.3±15.8 years were evaluated. Bcl-2 expression was reported to be 16.27±8.95% in OLP and 16.4±22.9% in OSCC. Expression of p53 was 30.86±28.26% in OLP and 49.6±29.6% in OSCC. The difference in bcl-2 expression between the two lesions was not significant (P=0.266), whereas this difference was significant for p53 expression (P=0.02). The correlation coefficient between these two markers was reported to be 0.45 in OSCC and 0.1 in OLP. Conclusion: According to the results, there was a significant difference in p53 expression between OLP and OSCC samples, whereas this difference was not significant for bcl-2. There was no significant association between the expressions of these two markers in the samples. Therefore, there does not seem to be a high malignancy potential for the studied OLP samples.

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