Objectives Old age is a significant period in life and due to the development of science and improvement in health conditions, the number of elderly people is increasing in various societies. To promote the adjustment of the elderly population in the society, it is necessary to pay attention to their life satisfaction. Therefore, the present study aimed at predicting life satisfaction of elderly people based on their spiritual intelligence and psychological capital. Methods & MaterialsThe research method is descriptive and correlational. The study population comprised 180 people residing in elderly homes in Kashan City, Iran. Of them, 123 subjects were selected based on the Morgan table and simple random sampling. The data were collected using the questionnaires of life satisfaction, spiritual intelligence, and psychological capital, then e obtained data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests. Results The mean (SD) values of age, perception and connection to universe, spiritual life, self-efficacy, hopefulness, resiliency, optimism and life satisfaction were 70(2.5) years, 62.18(7.14), 51.11(6.75), 24.14(4.14), 24.33(4.11), 21.08(4.38), 28.33(5.04), and 21.71(2.75), respectively. The results showed that the components of spiritual intelligence and psychological capital significantly predicted the level of life satisfaction in the elderly (P<0.01) and the perception and connection to the universe and hopefulness predicted more changes in life satisfaction among the elderly (P<0.01). Conclusion The results suggest that the components of spiritual intelligence and psychological capital can partially predict life satisfaction in the elderly. Therefore, in order to increase the level of life satisfaction in them, it is necessary to promote their spiritual intelligence and psychological capital. across all societies. In order to upgrade the compatibility of the elderly, it is necessary to pay attention to their life satisfaction. Therefore, the present research studied the prediction of life satisfaction among the elderly considering their spiritual intelligence and psychological capital. A B S T R A C T Methods & MaterialsThe research method is descriptive and correlational. The study population comprised 180 elderly people living in nursing homes in Kashan, out of them, 123 were randomly chosen using Morgan table. After choosing the sample, the researcher invited the subjects to a meeting and explained to them the objectives of the study, confidentiality of results, and not requiring to disclose personal information in the questionnaire. They were then provided with the life satisfaction questionnaire by Diener et al.[1], spiritual intelligence questionnaire by Abdullahzade, and psychological capital intelligence questionnaire by Luthans [2]. The data were analysed by multiple regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient. All analyses were done by SPSS 22. Life Satisfaction QuestionnaireIt was used by Diener et al. to measure the amount of life satisfaction. The scale has fiv...

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Objectives: Today, psychological care for the elderly has received increasing attention due to potential threats posed by aging, loneliness, gradual decline in physical activity, increase of chronic diseases, social isolation, and physical and mental disabilities. The positive psychology approach to mental health seeks to promote the mental health of people by identifying and developing mental abilities and competences. The present study aimed to predict psychological well-being of the elderly based on the components of positive psychology including spirituality, gratitude to God, and perceived social support. Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive correlational study conducted on 211 elderly people aged 60-70 years (109 males and 102 females) who were selected randomly. Data collection tools were a demographic form (surveying age, gender, education, marital status, and socioeconomic status), and Paloutzian and Ellisons’ Spirituality Well-Being Scale, short form of Ryff’s Psychological Wellbeing Scale, Emmons and Crumpler’s Gratitude to God Questionnaire, and Zimet’s Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Collected data were analyzed in SPSS software V. 22 by using descriptive (Mean and Standard Deviation), Pearson correlation test, and stepwise regression analysis. Results: Mean and Standard Deviation of different study variables were reported as follows: Psychological well-being =7.1±10.68; Spirituality =90.22±15.36; Gratitude to God =14.09±2.41; Social support from family members =21.6±4.2; Social support from friends =16.5±5.8; and Social support from significant others =20.23±5. The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that spirituality (F1,209=62.02, P=0.001), social support from family members (F1,208=11.06, P=0.001), and gratitude to God (F1,207=4.80, P=0.001) could significantly explain 27% of the psychological well-being variance in the elderly.  Conclusion: Increased spirituality, gratitude to God, and perceived social support especially from family members can improve psychological well-being of the elderly. Hence, Strengthening and paying special attention to their spiritual needs and perceived social support as well as planning health care for them can help increase their psychological well-being.

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Admission at university can be considered as a critical phase in life of young students, leading them to enter a greater society and experience a different educational, social, and cultural setting. Generally, these drastic changes in their personal and social lives would be accompanied by intense anxiety and stress, negatively influencing their performance and efficiency; as a result, their mental vulnerability would be intensified. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between mindfulness and cognitive emotion regulation, in one hand, and depression, on the other hand. The target population included university students studying in [2015][2016] academic year in University of Kashan, Iran. Using Krejcie & Morgan Table (1970), 355 university students were selected through stratified multi-stage sampling. The respondents completed Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (2001), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2001), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (1996). The data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation and Multiple-Regression Analysis in SPSS 18 Software. The results revealed that cognitive emotion regulation components and mindfulness have a statistically significant relationship with depression. Moreover, catastrophizing and self-blame could directly and mindfulness and refocusing on planning indirectly predict depression significantly. The findings imply that university students would suffer less depression by enhancing mindfulness and cognitive emotion regulation.

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Transition from high school to university often causes much stress for most students. In the new university environment, students often face various interpersonal, social, and academic demands, each of which could potentially create stressful situations for most of them. Such changes can lead to specific problems in adjustment. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between social support and loneliness, in one hand, and academic adjustment, in the other hand, among university students. The statistical population includes all students studying at the University of Kashan in 2014-2015 academic year. According to Krejcie and Morgan Table, 320 students were randomly selected via stratified multistage cluster sampling based on gender and faculty. The participants filled out Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS), and the Academic Adjustment subscale of Baker and Siryk's Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ). Stepwise Regression Analysis and Pearson Correlation were run in SPSS-22 to analyze the data. The results showed that academic adjustment has a significant positive relationship with the dimensions of social support and a significant negative relationship with loneliness. Moreover, loneliness and social support from family can significantly predict academic adjustment among university students.