Development of tolerance and dependence is a major problem associated with opioid treatment. Withdrawal syndrome is common between medical and illicit users of these agents. Phytomedicine has shown promise in the treatment of this complicated psychosomatic condition. In this study, the effects of plant extracts and active components on morphine dependence and withdrawal syndrome are discussed. Proper keywords were used to search through PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciVerse, as well as two local scientific databases, www.iranmedex.com and www.SID.com. All relevant results (original articles, meeting abstracts, patents, etc.) published from 2000 to 2013 were chosen for final review. A total of 35 plant species were studied on this subject. Plants from Lamiaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Apiaceae families were especially effective. A few studies were carried out on human subjects and the rest in animal models. Opioid dependence and withdrawal syndrome remain an intimidating challenge. Nonetheless, plants and their derivatives are suitable sources for their treatment. Although there are several plants shown to be effective in animal models, few clinical studies are available.
Soft biometric information, such as gender, iris, and voice, can be helpful in various applications, such as security, authentication, and validation. Iris is secure biometrics with low forgery and error rates due to its highly certain features are being used in the last few decades. Iris recognition could be used both independently and in part for secure recognition and authentication systems. Existing iris‐based gender classification techniques have low accuracy rates as well as high computational complexity. Accordingly, this paper presents an authentication approach through gender classification from iris images using support vector machine (SVM) that has an excellent response to sustained changes using the Zernike, Legendre invariant moments, and Gradient‐oriented histogram. In this study, invariant moments are used as feature extraction from iris images. After extracting these descriptors' attributes, the attributes are categorized through keycode fusion. SVM is employed for gender classification using a fused feature vector. The proposed approach is evaluated on the CVBL data set and results are compared in state of the art based on local binary patterns and Gabor filters. The proposed approach came out with 98% gender classification rate with low computational complexity that could be used as an authentication measure.
Background: Preeclampsia is one of the causes of maternal and prenatal mortality and morbidity. The 24-hour urine sample is considered as a gold standard for preeclampsia diagnosis and shortening the time of urine collection will result in the patients' convenience and shorter hospitalization. The goal of this study was to determine thee diagnostic accuracy of 4 hour urine protein in comparison with 24 hour urine protein in pregnant women. Methods: One hundred pregnant women, with a gestational age of more than 20 weeks, and were suspicious to preeclampsia were enrolled. The 24-hour as well as the 4-hour urine sample were collected. All data were analyzed using the SPSS software, version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The correlation coefficient was used to determine relationship between the 4 and 24-hour urine proteins. receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine optimal cutoff values of 4 hour proteinuria. Results: The mean age and mean gestational age of participants was 26.8 & 6.1 years and 34.1 & 3.4 weeks. The mean 4-hour urine protein was 165.6 & 170.2 mg and the mean 24 hour urine protein was 926 & 1013 mg. The mean age, 4-hour urine protein, and 4 as well as 24 hour urine volumes were significantly different between cases with no, mild, or severe proteinuria. Pearson correlation coefficient between 4 and 24 hour proteinuria was strong (r = 0.97 and p < 0.001). The best cut off point for 4-hour proteinuria to determine proteinuria was 69.5 mg with a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 100%. (Area under the curve = 0.99, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Women that are suspicious to have preeclampsia, the total 4-hour urine protein values positively correlated with values of 24-hour samples.
In this study, homogeneous hydrogels based on chitosan containing ninhydrin derivatives, including Ruhemann's purple (RP) and its Zn(II) Schiff base chelate of indane-l,3-dione-2imine-N-acetic acid (Zn(II)IDIA), as photosensitizers have been synthesized with the potential of photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. Ninhydrin is a valuable organic compound that exhibits bacteriostatic, virucidal, and anti-diabetogenic properties. This study describes how the use of ninhydrin is a viable option for the investigation of in vitro PDT activities. The hydrogels were prepared through chemical cross-linking using glutaraldehyde and loaded with water-soluble photosensitizers. According to the results, the hydrogels demonstrated a threedimensional (3D) porous morphology, remarkable singlet oxygen generation, antibacterial activity, and good mechanical strength. The results of the cell viability assay illustrated their excellent biocompatibility and safety. All the information in this study supports the capability of the hydrogels containing RP and Zn(II)IDIA for PDT treatment.
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