The effect of very low salt addition in the recommended liquid−liquid extraction chemical system of toluene−acetone−water was investigated with circulating single drops and in both of the mass transfer directions. By adding sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and potassium iodide, within the concentration range of 10−6−10−4 mol/L, into the continuous phase and under constant pH, the mass transfer rate finds enhancements to about 425%. A high trend of variation was observed for the salt concentrations until only about 10−5 mol/L. This phenomenon can be attributed to the hydration of ions which favors acetone to be transferred easier in the aqueous phase. Small drops are usually more benefited, and the rate of mass transfer is greater for the dispersed to continuous phase direction under similar conditions due to a higher dominant extraction fraction, whereas the drop size decreases in this direction. The effectiveness of salts in this matter appeared to be in the order of NaCl > KCl > KI.

The present study was to investigate the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activity of the ethanolic extract from aerial parts of Artemisia marschalliana Sprengel against human gastric carcinoma (AGS) and L929 cell lines. Phytochemical analysis of A. marschalliana Sprengel extract showed 22 major components and the most dominant compounds were trans-phytol (29.22%), α-Linolenic acid (13.47%) and n-Hexadecanoic acid (9.28%). In addition, the antioxidant and anticancer activity of A. marschalliana Sprengel extract were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) methods, respectively. Antibacterial activity against selected pathogenic bacteria was also determined. According to the present obtained results, it seems that this plant has potential uses for pharmaceutical industries and further studies of pharmaceutical importance were suggested to be performed on A. marschalliana Sprengel.

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The focus of this study is on a rapid and cost-effective approach for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Podlech aerial parts extract and assessment of their antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activities. The prepared AgNPs were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering and zeta-potential analysis. The AgNPs and extract were evaluated for their antiradical scavenging activity by 2, 2-diphenyl, 1-picryl hydrazyl assay and anticancer activity against colon cancer (human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line 29) compared with normal human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Also, the prepared AgNPs were studied for its antibacterial activity. The AgNPs revealed a higher antioxidant activity compared with extract alone. The phyto-synthesised AgNPs and extract showed a dose-response cytotoxicity effect against HT29 and HEK293 cells. As evidenced by Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, the number of apoptotic HT29 cells was significantly enhanced, following treatment with AgNPs as compared with untreated cells. Besides, the antibacterial property of the AgNPs indicated a significant effect against the selected pathogenic bacteria. These present obtained results show the potential applications of phyto-synthesised AgNPs using aerial parts extract.

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