This paper presents the findings of a flume study using large-scale particle velocimetry (LSPIV) to estimate the top-width of the vena contracta formed by an approach open-channel flow entering a contraction of the channel. LSPIV is an image-based method that non-invasively measures two-dimensional instantaneous free-surface velocities of water flow using video equipment. The experiments investigated the requisite dimensions of two essential LSPIV components—search area and interrogation area– to establish the optimum range of these components for use in LSPIV application to contractions of open-channel flows. Of practical concern (e.g., bridge hydraulics) is flow contraction and contraction scour that can occur in the vena contracta region. The study showed that optimum values for the search area (SA) and interrogation area (IA) were 10 and 60 pixels, respectively. Also, the study produced a curve indicating a trend for vena-contracta width narrowing with a variable ratio of approach-channel and contracted-channel widths and varying bed shear stress of approach flow.
Integrated management of surface water and groundwater is the key to achieve sustainable water resources and secure water availability, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. With generally scarce surface water resources, groundwater often is the primary source of water supply in such regions, with significant groundwater-surface water (GW/SW) interactions often occurring in irrigated regions. The objective of this study is to quantify the variation in stream seepage and groundwater discharge fluxes in an agro-urban river basin as impacted by climate change. To achieve this goal, i) an integrated hydrologic modeling code that accounts for groundwater and surface water processes and exchanges in large regional-scale managed
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