Objective: Rosmarinic acid has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities and helps to prevent cell damage caused by free radicals and other sources. Material and Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 40) were allocated to four groups, a control group (n = 10) and three treatment groups (n = 30). The first treatment group received rosmarinic acid (5 mg/kg body weight) by gavage method, the second test group received rosmarinic acid (5mg/kg body weight) by gavage and electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure at 50 Hz for 42 consecutive days, whilst the third test group just received EMF exposure for 42 consecutive days respectively; however, control group received 5cc Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) daily by gavage method. Results: In 42nd day of research, 5 cc blood was collected for testosterone level measurement from whole groups. The level of testosterone significantly increased in groups that received Rosmarinic acid (P<0.05). Conclusion: Since in our study administration of 5mg/kg Rosmarinic acid significantly have increasing effect on decreased testosterone that is caused by EMF, it seems that using Rosmarinic acid as food additive can be efficient for supporting people living in EMF environmental pollution.
Objective: Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread protozoan parasite that infects a broad range of warm blooded animals and humans.
Background: Abnormal cholesterol homeostasis is associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease and cognitive impairment. Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate changes in the expression of proteins related to cognition and cholesterol homeostasis in the hippocampi of rats as well as behavioral modifications following the administration of a cholesterol-rich diet. Methods: In this experimental study, lasting 16 weeks, 20 male Wistar rats (aged 8 weeks) were randomly divided into two groups. One group was fed with a normal diet (ND; n = 10) and the second with a high cholesterol diet (HD; n = 10). The expression of the cognition-related proteins N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) and cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CYP46A1), the key cholesterol hemostasis protein, were determined by an immunoblotting assay in the hippocampus homogenate. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to examine cognitive performance. Plasma lipidic parameters, including total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), as well as brain TC were measured by colorimetric assay. Results: After a high cholesterol diet had been administered for a period of 16 weeks, a significant increase in TC, LDL-C and TG was observed in the HD group in comparison with the ND group (P < 0.05). Neither the mean of brain wet weight nor brain TC showed significant change in the HD versus the ND group (P = 0.114, P = 0.84, respectively). Despite this fixity, differences in the expression of BACE1 and CYP46A1 were significant (P < 0.05) between the two groups, with high levels of BACE1 and CYP46A1 in the HD group compared with the ND group. These biochemical changes were associated with a significant decrease in the time traveled on a platform quadrant in the HD versus the ND group (P < 0.05) during a spatial memory probe test administered at the same time. Conclusions:The findings show that irregularities in cognitive performance as a result of a high cholesterol diet can be partially mediated by distortion in brain cholesterol homeostasis and processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP).
Background and Aims: Methotrexate (MTX), a folic acid antagonist, is widely used as a treatment for malignancies as well as in the treatment of various inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Nephrotoxicity is an important side-effect of this drug. Prevention and treatment of MTX-induced renal dysfunction are essential to prevent potentially life-threatening MTX-associated toxicities, Present study was undertaken to determine whether vitamin E could ameliorate methotrexate-induced oxidative renal injury in rabbit. Materials and methods: Twenty eight rabbits were randomly assigned into four groups (n=7): Group 1 (control group), Group 2 (Received 20mg/kg MTX): Group 3 (Received MTX plus vitamin E 100 mg/kg orally), group 4: (vitamin E 100 mg/kg orally). On 6th day rabbits were anesthetized and renal tissue sampled for pathologic and biochemical assessment. Results: Data showed that renal tissue injury index and malondialdehyde (MDA)level were lower in MTX+vitamin E group comparing to MTX group significantly (P<0.05). Renal tissue injury index and MDA were higher in MTX+vitamin E group comparing to control group significantly (P<0.05).Conclusion: These findings suggest that vitamin E, by improving cellular anti-oxidant defense system, reduction in lipid peroxidation production and tissue damage, appears to have a protective role in the MTX-induced oxidative injury in renal tissue, however, further studies are essential to elucidate the exact mechanisms of MTX-induced renal toxicity, and protective effect of vitamin E.
Background: Growth of the fetus is directly related to the structure and function of the placenta, and the examination of the Placenta and umbilical cord provides us important information about what has happened to the fetus. Pregnancies induced by ART are more likely to develop pregnancy complications than other singleton pregnancies. The main cause of these undesirable pregnancy outcomes is uncertain, and perhaps morphological and histopathologic abnormalities of placenta in these types of pregnancies may be involved. Since the most common method of ART is the ICSI method, the aim of this study was to evaluate the histological changes of the placenta and umbilical cord in ICSI pregnancies.Methods: In this study, 30 women who were pregnant with ICSI method and had no pregnancy complications were compared with 30 pregnant women with normal and non-complicated pregnancies. Morphology and histology of the placenta and umbilical cord were compared in two groups. For studying with optical microscopy, samples of the placenta were prepared from two groups were stained with H & E, PAS and trichrome, and compared with the optical microscope.Results: There was no difference between the two groups in demographic variables. umbilical cord length, 1 th and 5 th minute Apgar score in two groups. The umbilical cord thickness (p = 0.01), and placental thickness (p = 0.02) was significantly higher in the study group. In the pathological study of placenta, it was revealed that in study group there are increased syncytial knot in staining with hematoxin and eosin, reducing of glycogen in PAS staining, and increasing the amount of fibrosis in trichrome staining compared with the control group. Conclusion:The study of pathological changes in ICSI pregnancies compared with normal pregnancies showed that the prevalence of syncytial knots (Due to the accumulation of the nucleus of apoptotic cells in the placenta) is significantly higher.
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