To study the prevalence and factors associated with opioid use in pain, 480 consecutive patients with a chief complaint of pain were interviewed at 10 clinics in Zahedan. The data were analysed in relation to 18 possible associated factors. The prevalence of opioid use was 28.5% in patients presenting with pain. There was no significant relation between opioid use and chronic pain [>/= 6 months], but there was a relationship with the following 5 factors:previous opioid use by friends [72.9% versus 20.4% without friends using], occupation [58.5% private sector employees/self-employed versus 17.4% housewives], cigarette smoking [60.8% versus 21.8% not smoking], consultation for a psychological problem [38.3% versus 23.3% without], and death of a spouse [60.0% versus 26.1% without]
Background and objectives:The current study aimed at considering the performance, attitude and awareness level of patients affected by congestive heart failure who were hospitalized in Zahedan hospitals with regard to the self-care behaviors and factors related to it. Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 140 patients with congestive heart failure who were hospitalized in various hospitals during 2015. The required data was collected through interview and a designed questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, SPSS Software, version 15, was used through chisquare test, t-test, and ANOVA test. Results: There was a direct correlation between patients' awareness level and attitude (p˂ 0.001 and r=0.459), and behavior (p˂ 0.001 and r=0.345). In addition, a direct correlation was observed between patients' attitude and their behavior (p= 0.003 and r=0.452). However, there was a reverse correlation between patients' age and their awareness level (p= 0.003 and r= -0.253), and their attitude (p˂ 0.03 and r= -0.181). By performing an ANOVA test, it was revealed that there was a statistically significant relationship between educational level and awareness (p= 0.001), and patients' attitude (p= 0.006). The average number of hospitalization was 3.31%, the most important reasons for hospitalization was shortness of breath (dyspnea) (74%), and the most prevalent background diseases was hypertension (74.3%). Conclusion: It is necessary to pay enough attention to patients' needs in this regard, and provide suitable educational programs which improve the patients' awareness level and positive attitude; finally, these programs can promote self-care behaviors in patients.Keywords: Self-care behavior; Congestive heart failure; Zahedan
exercises for use of apixaban in acute VTE-patients. Methods: We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) simulating a population of 1,000 VTE patients. Two different CEAs were explored: lifelong apixaban treatment vs. no treatment after the first 6 months (base case analysis). In scenario analysis, the initial treatment period of 6 months with apixaban versus LMWH/VKA was also included. The primary outcome of the model is the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in costs (€ ) per quality adjusted life-year (QALY), with one QALY defined as one year in perfect health. To account for any influence of the uncertainties in the model a probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) was conducted, in which the ICER was recalculated 2,000 times while varying all input parameters over their range. These results were summarized in a cost-effectiveness acceptability curve (CEAC). The treatment was considered cost-effective with an ICER less than € 20,000/ QALY, which is the most commonly used willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold for preventive drugs in the Netherlands and potentially indicative for other European countries as well. Results: The model showed a reduction in recurrent-VTE and no increase in major bleeding events for lifelong treatment. Deterministic results showed ICERs of € 9,830/QALY and € 8,231/QALY in the base case and scenario analysis, respectively. The probabilities of being cost-effective at a WTP threshold of € 20,000/QALY were 70.4% and 79.5%, respectively. ConClusions: Lifelong treatment with apixaban is cost-effective for the prevention of recurrent VTE in Dutch VTE patients. PCV100 Cost-Utility AnAlysis of Rhtnk-tPA ComPARed With Rt-PA in the tReAtment of ACUte st-segment eleVAtion myoCARdiAl infARCtion (stemi) in ChinA
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