Background: Cancer remains one of the primary causes of death in Bangladesh. The success of cancer control in rural areas depends on the ability of the health care system and workforce to identify and manage cases properly at early stages. Community Health Workers (CHW) can play a vital role in this process. The present study aims to assess cancer related Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) among 2 categories of CHWs - Community Health Care Providers (CHCP) and Health Assistants (HA) in rural Bangladesh. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire from July 2019 to June 2020. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to determine the sample. One Upazilla Health Complex (UHC) from each of the eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh were randomly chosen as study sites, from which 325 CHCPs and HAs were in the final sample. Multivariate logistic regression models were developed to determine the association between KAP scores and demographic variables. Results: Our study shows that a modest number of respondents scored above average in the knowledge (54.15%), attitude (58.15%), and practice (65.54%) sections. Majority CHCPs (90.91%) and HAs (96.06%) did not receive govt. training on cancer. Only 20.71% HAs and 25.2% CHCPs knew about the availability of cancer treatment options in Bangladesh. Uncertainty about the availability of relevant treatments or vaccinations at public facilities was also high. Having cancer in the family, income, duration of employment and workplace locations were important predictors of cancer related KAP scores. Conclusion: Healthcare workforce’s knowledge gap and unfavorable attitude towards cancer may result in poor delivery of care at the rural level. For many people in rural areas, CHCPs and HAs are the first point of contact with the healthcare system and thus effective cancer control strategies must consider them as key stakeholders. Targeted training programs must be adopted to address the cancer related KAP gaps among CHCPs and HAs.

Eating disorders, one of the most prevalent categorical subsets of mental illnesses, have a steady upward trend amongst adolescents both in the United States and globally. While extensive research regarding the root causes of eating disorders exists, it offers minimal insight into the impact of diet and muscle supplement sales to minors on rising prevalence rates. This study aims to analyze how the sale of diet and muscle supplements impacts adolescent eating disorders in the United States. By collecting data through online surveys, our youth team was able to provide an overview of how the sale of these pills affects adolescents across racial, gender, and other demographic groups. After collecting over 1500 survey responses, researchers determined that 23.3 percent, 22.1 percent, and 34.6 percent of youth respondents have used over-the-counter diet pills, detox teas, or other weight loss supplements in Massachusetts, New York, and California, respectively. In addition, across the three states, 75% of the youth respondents were not informed of the dangers of using weight loss or muscle building supplements. Although the survey method of collecting data may have its limitations, it will be useful in gaining an insight into supplement usage amongst minors, and opening a conversation on  whether supplement usage negatively impacts adolescents by promoting body alteration, a set beauty standard, and certain body shapes that conform to societal norms.

Mosquito diversity, abundance, density, and habitats were studied at four selected breeding areas in Dhaka city from December 2015 to April 2016. A total of 3214 individuals of 10 mosquito species belonging to 3 genera namlely Culex (7spp.), Aedes (2spp.), and Anopheles (1sp.) were documented during the study period. The Cx. quinquefasciatus (37.83%) was found the highest in number followed by Cx. vishnui (16.74%), Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (16.21%), Cx. gelidus (9.40%), Cx. hutchinsoni (9.12%), Cx. fuscocephala (2.77%), Cx. vagans (2.21%), Ae. aegypti (3.17%), An. annularis (2.77%), and Ae. albopictus (1.15%). Maximum number of mosquitoes were found in Hazaribagh (1178 individuals), followed by Badda (1128 individuals), Demra (594 individuals), and Sutrapur (314 individuals). Mosquitoes were plentiful in March, regardless of species distribution which was influenced by rainfall and the lowest was in February. Eighteen different habitats of the mosquitoes were identified. The Simpson’s Index (λ= 0.18) and Shanon’s Diversity Index (H′= 1.93) indicated maximum mosquito diversity at Demra thana where species richness was 3.24. However, the Sutrapur thana (λ= 0.34, H′ =1.34) was minimum in which species richness had 2.40. The Species Evenness in the Demra thana (J′= 0.84) indicated that the species were evenly distributed whereas the Sutrapur thana (J′= 0.69) was comparatively less evenly distributed. The highest Community Dominance was 76.11% for the Sutrapur and the lowest was 49.66% for the Demra. Sorenson's Coefficient (CC) was 0.76 indicating that there was considerable overlap or similarity across the four communities. Bangladesh J. Zool. 50(3): 337-352, 2022

A study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of newly synthesized chemical ‘4-[3-(4-biphenylyl)-1, 6-dihydro-6-iminopyridazin-1-yl] butyronitrile hydro bromide against beanaphid, Aphis craccivora, under six treatments: T1 (20 ppm), T2 (40 ppm), T3 (60 ppm), T4 (80 ppm), T5 (100 ppm), and untreated control T6. Aphid numbers was peaked in January and it was zero in February. The best efficacy of administered doses was found in the T3 and followed by T5, T4, and T2, respectively. The aphid abundance in different weeks (F= 1.89; p<0.05) and the treated doses (F= 3.19; p< 0.02) were significantly varied among the plants. The aphid population showed a positive correlation with temperature in the T3 (r = 0.48) and T5 (r = 0.33) and a negative correlation in T1 (r = -0.32), T2 (-0.24), and T4 (-0.20), and untreated control T6 (- 0.24). Whereas, aphids were positively correlated with humidity in T3 (r = 0.46), T4 (r = 0.40), and T5 (r = 0.18) and negatively correlated in T1 (r = -0.32), T2 (r = -0.53), T4 (r = -0.40), and untreated control T6 (r = -0.52). The treated doses T4 and T3 produced the most vigorous fruits, while T1 produced the lowest. Bangladesh J. Zool. 50 (2): 261-272, 2022

Efficacy of neem leaf extract, mahogany seed dust, and neem seed kernel dust against the mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi Kalt., (Homoptera: Aphididae) on the mustard plant (Brassica campestris L.) was investigated during November 2014 to January 2015. The trial included four treatments, namely T1: neem leaf extract, T2: mahogany seed dust, T3: neem seed kernel dust, T4: control. The treatments began 22 DAS and were repeated every 7 days. T4 had the maximum number (9500 ± 1226.3) of aphid pest population at 57 DAS, and the lowest number (3 ± 0.9) of aphid pest population was found in T4 at 29 DAS. The aphid population was found to be nil at 22 and 71 DAS in all treatments. Furthermore, in case of T2, the aphid population was zero at 29 DAS. There was no significant difference in aphid counts between the treatments, according to the ANOVA test. Only in T2, the aphid counts showed a significant difference by replicates. But the number of fruits and seed output of mustard were affected by the efficacy of botanicals against mustard aphid. T1 exhibited the highest percentage of fruits (27.7%), seeds (42.64%), and seed weight (54.9%). T1 had the highest proportion of healthy seed (75.91%), whereas T4 had the highest percentage of defective seed (45.49%). Aphid population is negatively correlated to average temperature and relative humidity in all treatments. Bangladesh J. Bot. 51(3): 615-623, 2022 (September)