Native soybean lectins (SBL) could potentially have deleterious effects on young animals. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimum processing temperature and time at which SBL is inactivated and to investigate the possibility of using urease activity (UA) to predict residual lectin levels in soybean meal (SBM). Raw defatted SBM was steam-heated at incremental temperatures between 90 and 120 degrees C for 5 to 20 min in an autoclave. The processed meals were subjected to native-PAGE and measurement of total carbohydrate-binding lectin (TCBL), agglutinating lectin (AL), UA, and trypsin inhibitor (TI). Processing severity was evaluated by determining protein solubility in 0.2% potassium hydroxide. Results indicated that levels of all antinutrients (TCBL, AL, UA, and TI) decreased with increasing processing temperature (P < 0.05). The intensity of the lectin band on the electrophoresis gel was considerably reduced when meal was heated at 100 degrees C for 5 min. This result implied that lectin inactivation occurred at 100 degrees C. More than 90% of all the original antinutrient levels in the raw meal were destroyed when meals were heated at 100 degrees C for 5 min. Meals processed at 100 degrees C for 5 to 20 min had protein solubility values (80 to 85%) indicative of adequate processing. The denaturation pattern of UA was highly correlated with that of SBL (r > or = 0.73), indicating that UA could be used for monitoring lectin levels in commercial meals. We concluded that UA of 0.03 to 0.09 units of pH change are indicative of adequately processed meals that contain negligible lectin levels.
The hop plant contains flavonoids, bitter acids and essential oils that confer antibacterial properties. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the possibility of supplementing broiler chicken diets with hop pellets. Accordingly, growth performance response of broiler chickens given hopssupplemented diets was evaluated in a 49-day floor-pen trial. Day-old (320) male broiler chicks were commercially obtained and randomly assigned to 4 treatments. Treatment 1 (CX) consisted of chicks fed unmedicated corn-soybean meal (SBM) diet without hops pellets added. Treatment 2 (MX) consisted of chicks fed corn-SBM basal into which bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) was added at 0.055g/kg. Treatment 3 (HL) consisted of chicks fed corn-SBM basal into which hops pellets were added at 1.0 % level. Treatment 4 (HH) consisted of chicks fed corn-SBM basal into which hops pellets were added at 2.0 % level. On d 21, 42, and 49, body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were evaluated. Transient benefits of hops supplementation in form of higher body weight gain (P<0.05) compared to other treatments were observed but were not sustained. The FCR of birds in the hops-supplemented treatments (HL and HH) were similar (P>0.05) to those of birds in the BMD antibiotic-supplemented treatment (MX) throughout the study. It was concluded that supplementation of hops pellets into broiler diets at 1% or 2% level of the diet had no detrimental effect on broiler growth performance. Therefore, future studies should be conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dietary hops in mitigating the colonization of poultry intestine by economically important zoonotic and/or disease pathogens .
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