The amount of received sunlight and radiant energy could affect the energy consumption in heating, cooling and lighting systems. Utilization of natural daylight in architecture, in addition to fulfilling the inhabitants' mental and physical needs, could greatly reduce fossil fuel consumption. Although higher levels of daylight can be obtained by increasing light transmission, this increased transmission could negatively affect the building's sustainability and thus result in higher energy consumption in turn. So, designers must seek an acceptable balance, in which not only optimal daylight comfort and usage are met but also the best possible thermal performance is achieved. The use of a parametric design model can facilitate the simulation of lighting and annual thermal performance of a building in the early stages of the design or restoration process. In this paper, the daylight and thermal performances of an office building are optimized using a simulated parametric-based design model and the Octopus plug-in which is an optimizing tool based on genetic algorithms developed for Grasshopper. By applying the developed workflow, the enhanced results for (useful daylight illuminance) is up by 20.56% and for energy use intensity by 141 kWh/m 2 /yr.
In recent years, as a novel mode of converting organic matter into bioelectricity, Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have gained significant attention. Among effective parameters in MFCs, substrate type and concentration play major role on MFC performance. In this study, a dual chamber MFC was used with a wide range of fructose concentrations: 10, 20 30 and 40 g/l. The MFC was inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae as biocatalyst. A100µm of neutral red as mediator and also 100µm ferricyanide as oxidizer added to anode and cathode chambers, respectively. The MFC generated an open circuit voltage (OCV) of 690, 768, 548 and 507 mV with concentration of fructose from 10 to 40 g.l-1 , respectively. Maximum power density of 32.16, 23.7, 18.9 and 10.47 were obtained with substrate concentration of 10 to 40 g.l-1 , respectively. The maximum value of OCV and power density obtained with 10g.l-1 of carbohydrate. To investigate resistance effect on MFC performance, for each substrate concentration data acquisition system was set at optimum value for the resistance which was resulted by the polarization curve. Then maximum power and optimum current density were recorded.
Microbial fuel cell, as a new technology for energy generation, has gained a lot of attention in converting a wide range of organic and inorganic substrates to bioelectricity in recent years. Substrate as the fuel of MFCs has an effective role on the performance of MFCs. To investigate the effect of type and concentration of substrate on the MFC performance, glucose and date syrup were examined over a concentration range of 2-20 g.l-1. Date syrup or any waste of date could be used as a natural substrate while glucose is considered as a synthetic carbon source. In this research a two-rectangular chambered MFC separated by a Nafion 112 proton exchange membrane, was constructed. The anodic compartment was inoculated by saccharomyces cerevisiae as biocatalyst. 200 µmol.l-1 of neutral red as the anodic mediator and 300 µmol.l-1 of potassium ferricyanide as oxidizer were added to anode and cathode chambers, respectively. The results has shown that 3 g.l-1 date syrupfed-MFC had the highest power density, 51.95 mW.m-2 (normalized to the geometric area of the anodic membrane, which was 9 cm 2), corresponding to a current density of 109.0384 mA.m-2 and a MFC voltage of 967 mV.
According to statistics provided by the Iranian Statistics Center,40% of energy consumption is related to the housing sector. Windows as a component of exterior wall, Responsible for 20-30% of all energy infiltration. Therefore, the purpose of this study, is to optimize residential windows in cold and dry climate of Tabriz in order to reduce energy consumption. The research method is based on simulation with two methods "parametric optimization" and "genetic algorithm". The research tool is Design Builder software. So, the amount of annual gas consumption in the case study was received from the National Iranian Gas Company and then the basic research model is modeled in software and after converting the unit from kWh to m 3 and validating the obtained results from simulation, in the next step, the type of glazing and frame are changed and then the sensitivity is analyzed by the two mentioned methods. The results showed that by replacing windows with triple glazedglazing with low emission coating filled with argon, krypton and xenon gas and UPVC frame with clear double glazed-glazing filled with argon gas and iron frame, annual gas consumption for heating decreased by 52.43%, 55.34% and 56.60% and the heat loss from the windows is reduced by 7.97%, 9.54% and 10.49%, respectively.
Sense of place and sustainability of intangible cultural heritage-The case of George Town and Melaka; [Tavakolianferdosieh, et al; 2016] Redesigning bazaar based on its collective memories formation and retention case study: Bazaar Khan, city of Yazd; [Tuan; 1974] Classics in human geography revisited: Topophilia; [Zangiabadi, et al; 2012] Strategic planning, to organize traditional Iranian markets a case study: The traditional market of Tabriz. Introduction and Background Iranian historic bazaars are the dynamic hotspots of the cities that have a vital role in shaping a sense of place attachment. Among these, Tabriz Historic Bazaar with its unique characteristics is very important. The present study aims at determining the place identity components and their effects on the place attachment among business owners at Tabriz Historic Bazaar. Methodology The present correlational study was conducted among business owners at Tabriz Historic Bazaar in 2018 and 374 people were selected randomly for the research. For data collection, questionnaire with 36 components in 6 dimensions were used. Data analysis was carried out using Spearman Correlation and Multiple Regression tests. Findings Results demonstrated that the coefficient of the most important place identity components with place attachment was significant at p<0.01 and criteria of memorability, satisfaction as well as introduction and identification had maximum coefficient with place attachment with the coefficients of 0.541, 0.480 and 0.412, respectively. Components of memorability with the beta coefficient of 0.314, satisfaction with the beta coefficient of 0.241 as well as introduction and identification with the beta coefficient of 0.140 had respectively the highest regression effects on the place attachment. Conclusion Considering the role of place identity components and the extent of their influence on the sense of place attachment along with the efforts to preserve them in Tabriz Bazaar would help the survival of this valuable architectural heritage, while the quality of Bazaar will be enhanced as well.
Windows in the building are the biggest elements of heat loss through convective heat transfer. The purpose of study is to select appropriate dimensions for windows relative to shell and appropriate glazing for windows, in order to achieve optimal pattern to reduce energy consumption. The research method is based on the simulation and research tool is DesignBuilder software. Therefore, amount of natural gas consumed annually in the studied building was received from the National Iranian Gas Company and then the basic research was modeled by software and after converting unit from kWh to m 3 and validating simulation results. In the next step, the range of 20% to 80% of window-to-wall-ratio, types of glazing and window height is considered and through parametric optimization, all conditions in the windows are simulated and analyzed for sensitivity index. The calculations confirm that in an intermediate residential building with a rotation of 12 degrees to the southeast in Tabriz, by reducing window-to-wallratio from 50% to 20% and replacing triples-glazed-glazing with a low-emission coating filled with argon gas with a transparent single-glazed glazing and UPVC frame and a canopy with a depth of 48cm and windows height of 1.5m, the heat losses were reduced by 60.34% and 75.24%, respectively.
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