Background: This study evaluates the effect of assertiveness training on alexithymia and self-differentiation in the city of Mashhad, in Iran, about runaway girls. Method: The sample consists of 24 girls (12-20 years old) The tools used in the study were: assertion questionnaire Rathus, self-differentiation scale of DSI and the Toronto alexithymia scale. The study is applied as a Quasi-experimental design with the unequal control group. The plan is similar to the control groups pretest and post-test. Results: Significance indexes Multivariate analysis (f=158.029, p<0.001) indicates that there are changes in alexithymia and self- differentiation with assertiveness training. The average assertion scores in the post-test had increased strongly (M=58.00). As well, the average self-differentiation score of the experimental group had a significant increase. The experimental group also had lower average scores of alexithymia. Conclusions: The results of the research showed that assertiveness training has a significant change in alexithymia and self-differentiation. It should be noted that the participants had run away from home due to various reasons relating to high levels of alexithymia and low levels of self-differentiation and assertiveness. During this training course, the girls with learning assertiveness made changes in the self-differentiation and alexithymia (M=196.00) (M=47).
Researchers have always considered personality traits as an influence on alcohol consumption. This study aimed to investigate the impact of personality traits on alcohol consumption, considering the role of serotonin. This longitudinal study was initiated in 1998, and the study participants (N=1176) were randomly chosen from 9-and 15-years old schoolchildren from Tartu County in Estonia. The alcohol consumption was divided into two categories of numeric and binary variables. The statistical analyses used in the current study include a simple linear regression, logistic regression, Pearson correlation, independent t-test, and McNamara's test. Results showed that the personality characters, including conscientiousness and agreeableness, were more associated with numeric and binary variables of consuming alcohol than other personality characters regarding the ages of participants. In addition, the mean of neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness was significantly higher for those who drank alcohol regardless of age. Furthermore, the proportion of alcohol dependence, abuse, was lower now compared to the past. The significant associations between personality traits and consuming alcohol were more common in L/L and S/L than S/S genotype. The current study concludes that neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were essential variables that affect alcohol consumption. This relationship between alcohol consumption and personality traits is more common in the L / L and S / L genotypes.
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