L -2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L -2-OHGA) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited encephalopathy. This inborn error, characterized by psychomotor retardation, progressive ataxia and typical magnetic resonance imaging findings, presents in early infancy. To make a definitive diagnosis, an anomalous accumulation of L -2-hydroxyglutaric acid must be detected in body fluids. Here, we present a 17-year-old boy with L: -2-OHGA who developed an anaplastic ependymoma during the course of this disease. We also present a literature review including seven other patients who developed malignant brain tumors during the course of L -2-OHGA. This correlation may indicate a possible increased risk of brain tumors among patients with L -2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria.
To bring attention to medical ethics and to enhance the quality of health care in Iran, the Ministry of Health and Medical Education has introduced a strategic plan for medical ethics at a national level. This plan was developed through the organization and running of workshops in which experts addressed important areas related to medical ethics. They analysed strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats, and outlined a vision, a mission and specific goals and essential activities surrounding medical ethics. The current strategic plan has six main goals that will be reviewed in this paper. Some major activities that were carried out in recent years, and some future plans, will be also reviewed.
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