Walkability is becoming a popular buzzword in planning cities that suffers high level of pollution due to, amongst others, emission from automobiles are embracing walkability in order to reap its benefits. In addition to that, walkability is the measure of how satisfactorily the transportation system meets the need of walking of the community. Several studies around the world have put great efforts to highlight the importance of walkability in urban as it is an important measure in determining a better environment. There is a strong relationship between walkability, sustainable transportation and the environment. In addition to that, walkability is a concept that is consistent with sustainable development and transportation system due to its economic, social and environmental benefits. Walkability satisfaction rating within a localized neighborhood can be measured at the macro level with the aid of GIS at the initial development stages. The methods and techniques used are varying and no single walkability assessment tool can be designed to suit different environmental conditions. Different groups of societies for whom the theoretical and practical perception of cities development vary, or different types of neighborhoods with different needs would warrant different approaches. Therefore, this paper examines the methods, techniques and indicators that have been used to measure walkability and highlights the important benefits of improving walkability in the built environment. Moreover it also describes the relationship between walkability, sustainable transportation and environment.
Green highway is a roadway planned and designed with desires to integrate transportation functionality and ecological. A green highway takes high consideration on the approach of environment to the transportation system development, the ecosystem, urban growth, public health and also to surrounding communities. Reference to standard system such Green Roads Rating System becomes more popular being used to measure the classification of a green highway. This journal paper aimed to discuss on how important is the energy efficiency criteria to be measured in the green highway development. Energy is considered highly related to highway development due to it is the most infrastructures involves in massive construction activities from its construction up to the operation and maintenance process. Relevant energy criteria in green highway development had been figured out and a checklist of the comparison among the current relevant reference in the green highway is highlighted in this paper. These identified criteria for energy efficiency are importance to be considered in Malaysian Highway Index. The criteria include the consideration on Energy Plan for Green performance strategies, energy plan for maintenance, grey and green compound and car park, rest and service area (RSA), toll plaza and interchange.
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