Background: Melanoma is a skin cancer that has higher mortality among cutaneous malignant tumours. Tumour incidence in most world regions is rising.Here, we intend to highlight these trends in the world.
Methods:We used the global burden of disease dataset to assess the incidence and mortality of melanoma from 1995 to 2019 in 204 countries/territories. To identify country/territory groups with similar trends of melanoma incidence and mortality, a model-based clustering with a mixture of multivariate t-distributions was used.Results: Australia and New Zealand had the largest incidence and mortality rates. Men in Egypt and women in Sri Lanka and Guam had the lowest incidence and mortality rates. The clustering analysis revealed 4 classes of incidence in both gender and 3 and 2 classes of mortality in male and female, respectively. All groups had a growing incidence rate in both gender, similar to the worldwide trend. In 10% of the countries/territories, central and Western Europe, the incidence increase rate was greater than in the countries/territories with the greatest incidence. The total mortality rate for men was steadily growing, although it was decreasing in Asian and African countries/territories. Overall, the mortality rate for women remained relatively steady over time.
Conclusion:Due to the increasing trend of melanoma in the world, primary and secondary prevention of this disease, especially in areas with higher incidence and mortality, is essential. Raising awareness about the disease is helpful in prevention and early detection of melanoma.
Background: Side effects of chemotherapy in cancer patients need to be investigated in more detail. Aim: To determine the incidence of cardiotoxicity in patients treated with different chemotherapy regimens containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in Zanjan, Iran. Patients and Methods: In a prospective cohort study, patients with different types of solid gastrointestinal tumors who were candidates for 5-FU based chemotherapy regimens were enrolled. The study population consisted of 100 patients (48 females and 52 males) with a mean age of 63.99 ± 12.40 years. We measured serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels before and during each chemotherapy cycle and determined the occurrence of cardiotoxicity in patients based on the levels of cTnI, clinical signs and symptoms as well as electrocardiogram findings. In addition, we assessed a history of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia and previous chest radiation as potential risk factors for cardiotoxicity. Results: The incidence of cardiotoxicity was 8%, of which 5 patients were diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome, 2 patients with arrhythmias and one with hypotension. In addition, there was no significant association between studied risk factors and 5-FU induced cardiotoxicity. Conclusion: The incidence of cardiotoxicity in patients receiving 5-FU infusion regimens was notable. Thus, paying more attention to the 5-FU-induced cardiotoxicity is necessary in order to improve the prognosis of patients with cancer.
Background: Self-care ability is a determinant factor in managing the daily lives of the elderly. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate self-care ability in the elderly and related factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, elderly people admitted to educational and medical hospitals in Zanjan in 2021 were selected by convenience sampling and 175 people over 60 years old evaluated with questionnaire including demographic information and self-care ability scale for elderly. Mean (standard deviation), frequency (percentage) and independent sample t-test were used to analyze data in SPSS 23.
Results:The mean (SD) score of elderly self-care in this study was 53.86 (1.41). The results showed that self-care ability is low in most participants (68%). Women have significantly higher self-care ability than men (P=0.018). With increased age, Self-care ability decreased (P=0.0001). In illiterate and lower educated people, self-care ability is significantly lower (P=0.0001), and also rural residents have significantly less self-care ability than urban residents (P=0.0001). Elderly people who were married (P=0.0001) and had a source of income (P=0.0001) had a better level of self-care. Conclusion: Self-care ability is low in most elderly people, and self-care ability is worse in men, illiterate people, and villagers and self-care ability decreases with increasing age. It is suggested that simple programs be developed according to the age and level of literacy of the elderly.
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