Being a member of the society, it is evident that the organization has to operate like a team player; cue the influx of the green management concept. The study focuses on the second aspect of the green human resources management definition, which is preservation of knowledge asset and specifically addresses the novel concept of "Green employee empowerment" as a mediator. The research paper focuses on integrating and systematically arranging literature regarding motivating employees to pursue green tasks, as mediated by green employee empowerment. Literature supports that employees must be encouraged, empowered, and eco-conscious in order to take responsibility of green management tasks, which is core dilemma in today's world. Green empowered employees is a novel concept as introduced by this research paper but also has strong literature support stemming from the concept of "employee empowerment". The unit of analysis was previous available research studies relevant to the topic (their findings are included). Both the service and manufacturing sectors was focused and data was collected from ISI web of knowledge. Additionally, the search mostly focused on updated knowledge and only focused on 104 of recent and relevant studies. The study concluded that empowered employees are more motivated to perform environmental tasks which pay to be green. Human resources are truly the back bone of any successful organization, so motivated green workforce has a deep influential effect on social organizational profitability and productivity.

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ABSTRACT

This study aims to find out the impact of dividend policy on firm performance under high or low debt for all the non-financial sector companies listed on Karachi Stock Exchange. This study has utilized the secondary data published by State Bank of Pakistan in the shape of Balance Sheet Analysis of non-financial sector for the period of 2006 to 2001 with the sample size consisting of 122 companies. Panel data models have been applied to examine the impact of dividend policy on firm performance in the presence of high or low leverage. Mainly it has focused on using two performance measures i.e. Tobin’s Q and Return on Equity both as dependent variables while the control variable includes the firm size and growth with debt as the moderating variable. Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier test for random effects suggested that OLS is better than fixed effect. It is found that the dividend payout ratio has got significant positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and ROA when there is both less and high debt. In addition, there is no moderating effect of debt on the relationship between dividend payout ratio and firm performance of all the non-financial firms listed in KSE.

This investigates the effect of dividend policy on stock prices. Objective of the study is to see if there exists any relationship between dividend policy and stock prices. We analyzed 45 non-financial companies listed on KSE-100 index that have earned profits and paid dividend for a period of twelve year w.e.f. 2001. Technique adopted for sampling adopted is convenience sampling. As the nature of data is panel therefore, pooled regression, fixed and random effect tests are run. Random effect results are focused after applying Hausman’s test.Regression Results witness that Dividend per Share andRetention Ratio havean insignificant relationship with Share Market Prices.Dividend Payout Ratio has a significant positive relationship with Share Prices as supported by the Bird in hand theory suggested that owners give preference to a dollar of estimated dividends over a likely dollar of capital gains. Profit after tax, Earning per share and Return on Equity are the three control variables. Profit after Tax has insignificant relation to Stock Prices. Earnings per Share have positive significant relation to Stock Prices. There is negative significant relation between Return on Equity and Share Prices. It is recommended that firms in the sample should regularly pay dividend as it will cause an upward movement in the stock market prices. Whereas profit retention by firms will result in a decrease in the value of the stock market prices.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the ownership structure and firm performance. The study uses two performance measures i.e. market-based performance measure (Tobin’s Q) and accounting-based performance measure (return on assets (ROA)) as dependent variables and ownership proxies and other control variables as independent variables whereas leverage is used as moderating variable. The ownership proxies include the managerial ownership and institutional ownership while the control variables include the size of the firm, the coefficient of variation, and growth. This study has used simple regression analysis while using data of 355 firms listed on Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) for the years 2003 to 2008. The results show that the ownership structure has significant relationship with the market-based performance measure, while it has insignificant relationship with the accounting-based performance measure. Moreover, the leverage has no moderating effect on the relationship between ownership structure and firm performance