Deterrence as an approach aims to prevent a non-state actor who is planning to threat and harm a nation state externally and internally. The present study designed to find out that to what extent Deterrence as security strategy is effective against non-traditional threats in Pakistan?, and Whether the deterrence as security strategy remains effective against non-traditional threats of terrorism and cyber threats in Pakistan? The world has redefined and reorganized the security strategies after 9/11terroists attacks. The fourth wave in the deterrence theory has extended the deterrence security concept and added up the non-traditional threats as necessary part in security planning. Non-Traditional threats, terrorism, ambiguous warfare, cyber threats, water security, human security and energy crises etc now have equal importance with the border security. To protect the state from these actors, Pakistan is now reassessing and reorganized its security strategies. But these policies need more deliberate efforts to deal with such internal and external factors that are slowly and constantly weakening the state.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 4, Issue-4: 267-274
AimsThe aims of this project were to: 1. Ascertain local perceptions about Vitamin D. 2. Raise awareness about Vitamin D and its health effects. 3. Explore how health information is obtained by members of the local community. 4. Use local views to help direct future public health policy. Methods Mothers attending a local community centre were invited to participate in an interactive discussion and teaching session with local paediatricians about Vitamin D. Data were collected on demographics of the group, awareness of Vitamin D sources, and where they obtained health information.Participants were asked to feedback on the information gained from the session. Responses were collated and thematic analysis used to identify key themes. Results 47 people attended the focus group. The group was mainly female and aged between 12-84 years. 33 (70%) participants were South Asian. The remainder were Black African or White. At the start of the session, 23 (50%) participants were aware of Vitamin D. 19 (40%) participants were aware of its sources and only 8 (17%) knew about the consequences of insuffi ciency. 12 (25%) of the group spent less than 1 h in the sun daily. Three major themes emerged during and following the session from the participants: 1. Improved awareness of sources of Vitamin D.2. Improved knowledge about the consequences Vitamin D defi ciency. 3. Increased awareness of national Vitamin D recommendations. Participants suggested word-of-mouth, community websites and the local Gujarati newspapers as preferred information sources. GP and NHS branded materials were perceived as reliable and accurate sources. Participants reported that confl icting information given by health professionals and the use of jargon caused confusion and worry. The group reported specifi cally not being told about the importance of Vitamin D in breastfeeding infants and children.
The decade of 1970 witnessed a landmark change in Sindh's political spectrum as the centripetal elements started to flourish while putting centrifugal politics into the background. Why did the political mosaic of Sindh alter? And how did it alter? These key questions are investigated in this study. Since this alteration owed the fundamental structural and ideological transformation of Pakistan's politics. Pakistan People's Party (PPP)) headed by a leader from rural Sindh formed a central government as well as the provincial government of Sindh. Various measures taken by the PPP government got appreciations of Sindhi masses and became a cause to promote greater attachment with the Pakistani state, which appeared estranged erstwhile. Hence, the hypothesis gets approved that the popularity of a mainstream political party in a peripheral region can strengthen the process of national integration and evaporate sub-nationalist separatist tendencies. This study is based on deductive reasoning as it makes a profound analysis of the phenomenon in perspective of scholarly insights of Alexis Heraclides, Ramon Maize and Susan J. Henders.
Purpose of the study: The core objective of this study was to analyze the effect of dietary habits on the health status of college-going students. Methodology: Two districts of Punjab were selected randomly namely Faisalabad and Rahim Yar Khan. Two public sector colleges were selected purposively from each district i.e. one male and one female keeping in mind low strength and high strength were selected. The population of these colleges was 5372 while the sample size was 189. A well-structured questionnaire was developed on a google form. Collected data were processed through SPSS software for standard deviation, frequency, mean, and weighted score, and rank order. Main Findings: It was found that most of the respondents were female students and the majority of the student’s family monthly income was Rs. 10,000 – 20,000. The majority of the respondents were not suffering from any disease. The majority of respondents were those who have never eaten snacks in between their meals. Respondents who use to eat breakfast every day were ranked No. 1. Majority of the respondents were using full fat milk, soft drinks, and meat with visible fats. Most of the students were involved with healthy life habits i.e. doing physical activity, consuming fruits and greens. Application of the study: This study can also be used to determine the dietary habit impact on the health status of college-going students in other districts of Punjab. Novelty/ originality of the study: This study has provided an overview of different diseases affecting the health of college-going students. In the context of the current portfolio, the results of the current study will create awareness regarding healthy nutrition for improving the health status of the student.
Sugarcane is an important cash crop in Pakistan. Recently, the average per hectare production of sugarcane is low due to climatic variation. Therefore, sugarcane farmers are threatened by this emerging issue that has drastically affected their livelihoods, food security, and sustainability. This study was designed to analyze the perception, comprehension, and adoption of cultural practices in the mitigation of the impact of climate change. For this purpose, district Rahim yar khan was selected purposively from the Province of Punjab as the universe of the study; as one of the highly cultivated areas among all districts of Punjab. From selected districts, two tehsils were randomly selected, namely Sadiqabad and Kanpur. From each selected tehsil, 5 villages were selected using randomized sampling technique. In each selected village, 18 sugarcane farmers were selected randomly thus, making a total of 180 respondents. The data were collected through quantitative methods. A pre-tested and well-structured interview schedule was developed for the collection of information from sugarcane farmers. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results indicated that there was a significant difference between the two groups, adopter and non-adopters of mitigation strategies towards climate change. The results revealed that the majority (98.3 % and 75 %) of the growers reported that an increase in temperature and deforestation for the last five years respectively. Moreover, residues burring and deforestation were major causes of climate change followed by an excess of CO2 from agriculture activities and farm operations. The study recommended that the adoption of cultural practices in mitigation of the impact of climate change should be promoted through information sources.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.