:To determine the factors related with depression among adolescent students, 165 male adolescent students aged 15 to 19 years from 2 urban schools and colleges were interviewed with semi-structured questionnaire during January to June 2012.The socio demographic details, smoking and depression histories were recorded. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to measure the presence of depression. Smoking behavior was measured by a number of questions. Almost 49% respondents were depressed and 66% were smokers. Most of the respondents started smoking around the age of 14.3 years (54.1%) by the influence of their friends. Among the smokers 82.7% were depressed while 17.3% were depressed among nonsmokers (χ 2 =19.69, p=<0.001). Parental smoking affected 62.5% respondents for depression against 59.4% normal respondents whose parents were non smokers (χ 2 =7.52, p=.006). Domestic violence (χ 2 =18.4, p=<0.001), familial disharmony (χ 2 =18.44, p=0.001), stressful events in the life (χ 2 =21.38, p=<0.001), failure in love (χ 2 =12.6, p=0.002) also played roles for depression. After adjusting the non significant factors in logistic regression, familial disharmony (p<0.001), smoking (p=0.005) and stress (p=0.04) became significant factors associated with depression. Depression level was higher among adolescent smoker than nonsmoker students.
Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired immune Deficiency Syndromes (AIDS) continues to be a major burden of morbidity and mortality among the population. Injecting drug users (IDUs) are at high risk of contracting the disease. The study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge of HIV/AIDS and the influence of different socio-demographic factors among IDUs in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 200 injecting drug users were selected purposively. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for collecting socio-demographic information of the respondents and their knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS. The level of knowledge was categorized into two: poor (<Mean – 1 SD) and good (≥Mean + 1 SD). The χ2 test was used for finding the association between socio-demographic factors and level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Forty-eight percent of the respondents were aged 18-26 years, and 33% were educated up to secondary level. About 47% had an income of Taka 4500-5500. Of the respondents, 41% and 47% were aware of HIV/AIDS and their preventive measures respectively. Age and education of the respondents were significantly (p<0.05) associated with level of knowledge of HIV/AIDS among IDUs. Functional and productive educational campaigns to educate people regarding the health consequences of HIV/AIDS are strongly suggested for creating awareness through disseminating knowledge among IDUs in Bangladesh particularly for the age group with a low level of knowledge and limited access to HIV/AIDS educational intervention programs.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.7(1) 2017: 42-47
BACKGROUND For COVID-19 vaccine safety, the vaccination program of Bangladesh started facility-based passive surveillance to address adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) of COVID-19 vaccination. Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Bangladesh has been using emergency hotlines for outbreak reporting since 2008. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these hotlines are used for pandemic-related information and reporting. Thus, COVID-19 vaccinees also use these hotlines to report AEFIs. OBJECTIVE We analyzed the documented AEFIs records of IEDCR to characterize the vaccinees who reported AEFIs through IEDCR hotlines. METHODS We performed descriptive analysis of COVID-19 vaccinees who reported AEFIs through IEDCR hotlines from February to August 2021. We defined AEFIs as untoward medical occurrences which follow immunization and which do not necessarily have a causal relationship with the usage of the vaccines. We analyzed the vaccinees who reported AEFIs through IEDCR hotlines by age, gender, occupation, the severity of AEFIs, and time intervals of reporting. RESULTS Among 819 vaccinees who reported AEFIs through IEDCR hotlines, 68% (555/819) were male and their median age was 41 years (interquartile range: 32-51 years). Of them, 89% reported AEFIs following 1st dose of vaccination. Among females, 71% (186/264) were housewives. Among males, 45% (249/555) were service holders, 16% (90/555) were businessmen, 8% (46/555) were students. About 78% (638/819) of vaccinees were from urban vaccination centers. Vaccinees who had mild AEFIs like fever (62%), injection-site pain (41%), headache (25%) were reported through IEDCR hotlines. Although 65% (534/819) vaccinees who reported AEFIs through IEDCR hotlines developed symptoms within 24 hours of vaccination, only 24% (196/819) vaccinees reported them within 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS Middle-aged, males, and urban vaccinees who developed mild AEFIs commonly reported AEFIs through IEDCR hotlines. We recommended that AEFIs data generated from different reporting systems including hotline numbers should be incorporated together for an efficient COVID-19 vaccine safety surveillance system.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.