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Objective: To compare the bed occupancy rates of various departments of Holy Family Hospital during January 2022. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done to determine and compare the Bed Occupancy Rates (BOR) of January 2022 from numerous departments of Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi. Medicine & Allied departments in our study were those of Medicine, Nephrology and Paediatrics. Surgery and Allied departments were comprised of General Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Pediatric Surgery, Gynecology, Obstetrics, ENT, Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery. No. of beds for Medicine and Surgery & Allied departments are denoted by “n”. Data was analysed by Microsoft Excel 2010. Data was also gathered from intensive care units of the hospital. BOR% of each department and mean BOR were calculated. Difference between Mean BOR ± SD of Medicine & Allied and Surgery & Allied was statistically confirmed by applying independent sample t-test. P ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant. 95% CI Results: Mean BOR of hospital wards was 97.6%. The greatest BOR was reported from Plastic Surgery department (154%) followed by that from Paediatrics (128%). Nephrology and Obstetrics with same BOR (121%) were ranked third. Mean BOR of Medicine & Allied departments was 108.7 ± 27.59 while that of Surgery & Allied was 93.4 ± 35.79. This difference of mean BOR was statistically significant (P = 0.000; 95% CI, 9.4 – 21.2). The crowning of BOR from Pediatric and Neonatal ICU was acknowledged with 247% and 223.10% respectively. The female patients in both medical and surgical departments were greater in magnitude than males. Conclusion: BOR of public sector teaching hospital is quite enormous that needs attention of policy makers for diminution.

The higher losses of fruits and vegetables during post-harvest handling are a serious matter for any country whose economy is based on agriculture. The products of this plant are a significant source of horticultural produce storage used for the control of different post-harvest losses, which include diseases as well as microorganisms. Bio-coatings may be used as a better alternative to the synthetic chemicals. The impact of edible coating on the quality and storage life of mango (cv. ‘Anwar Rataul’) fruit was investigated by harvesting the fruits at a firm green stage of physiological maturity and coating them with corn oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, soya bean oil, and animal fat. The uncoated and coated fruits were stored at 25 °C and the relative humidity (RH) was 75%. The fruits were analyzed for physicochemical quality attributes during storage at 0 (harvest time), 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days. The data showed that most of the parameters were affected significantly by the materials of coating and storage intervals (P ≤ 0.05). The fruits coated with animal fat had significantly superior fruit color, taste, aroma, firmness, total sugar content, and acidity of fruit juice, total soluble solids, and ascorbic acid content, as well as delayed ripening. Animal fat-coated fruits retained titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content (mg.100g-1) and fruit firmness (kg.cm-2) with minimal disease incidence, and weight loss (%), whereas uncoated fruits did not retain all quality attributes and deteriorated after 20 days of storage. In conclusion, mango fruits could be coated with animal fat and stored for up to 25 days without deterioration in quality.

Objective: To compare the bed occupancy rates of various departments of Holy Family Hospital during January 2022. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done to determine and compare the Bed Occupancy Rates (BOR) of January 2022 from numerous departments of Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi. Medicine & Allied departments in our study were those of Medicine, Nephrology and Paediatrics. Surgery and Allied departments were comprised of General Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Pediatric Surgery, Gynecology, Obstetrics, ENT, Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery. No. of beds for Medicine and Surgery & Allied departments are denoted by “n”. Data was analysed by Microsoft Excel 2010. Data was also gathered from intensive care units of the hospital. BOR% of each department and mean BOR were calculated. Difference between Mean BOR ± SD of Medicine & Allied and Surgery & Allied was statistically confirmed by applying independent sample t-test. P ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant. 95% CI Results: Mean BOR of hospital wards was 97.6%. The greatest BOR was reported from Plastic Surgery department (154%) followed by that from Paediatrics (128%). Nephrology and Obstetrics with same BOR (121%) were ranked third. Mean BOR of Medicine & Allied departments was 108.7 ± 27.59 while that of Surgery & Allied was 93.4 ± 35.79. This difference of mean BOR was statistically significant (P = 0.000; 95% CI, 9.4 – 21.2). The crowning of BOR from Pediatric and Neonatal ICU was acknowledged with 247% and 223.10% respectively. The female patients in both medical and surgical departments were greater in magnitude than males. Conclusion: BOR of public sector teaching hospital is quite enormous that needs attention of policy makers for diminution.

Snakebite is a neglected public health problem of tropical and subtropical regions globally. Millions of cases are reported annually worldwide and about half of them are bitten by poisonous snakes. Objectives: To determine trend of snakebite cases and their management at Holy Family Hospital during 2022. Methods: A retrospective hospital-record based study was done to identify the trend of snakebite cases reported at Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi during 2022. The data was gathered from hospital administrators pertaining to age, gender, residential address, types of snakebite and treatment given. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 25.0 and MS Excel 2016. Descriptive statistics were computed. Independent sample t-test was applied to measure statistically significant gender-based difference in mean age of the snake bite victims. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of the 90 snakebite cases, 64.1% were males. Mean age of the victims was 34.7 ±14.8 years. Difference in mean age of male and female victims was statistically insignificant (P > 0.67). Majority (33%) was resident of Rawalpindi, followed by 22% and 12.3% from Attock and Azad Jammu & Kashmir respectively. Peak of the cases was during July and August. As most (91.1%) of them were bitten by vasculotoxic snakes, so out of 1,117 anti-snake venom ampules about 93.1% were administered to those cases. None of the cases succumbed to snakebite. Conclusions: Snakebite has frequently been reported among residents of Rawalpindi and its neighbouring areas during summer season. The victims were promptly treated for their survival.