Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the effects of vestibular stimulation on balance in quadriplegic cerebral palsy. Methodology: This was quasi experimental study in which total 44 quadriplegic cerebral palsy children were included who have no associated neurogenic conditions which may be aggravated with vestibular stimulation such as epilepsy or other orthopedic or functional complication. The children were assessed by an independent assessor before and after 6 weeks of vestibular stimulation. The assessment was made on gross motor measure and pediatric evaluation disability index. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Paired sample t test was used for pre-post testing. Results: The descriptive statistics of paired samples regarding Gross Motor Function Measure showed mean and standard deviation to be 49.61±1.75 and 64.54±1.04 before and after treatment, respectively. Paired sample testing for pre-post treatment measurement of mean score of Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) showed that mean difference and standard deviation found to be 14.93±1.90 with a significant p value 0.00. The descriptive statistics of paired samples regarding Total PEDI score showed mean and standard deviation to be 42.88±0.86 and 51.47±1.24 before and after treatment, respectively. Paired sample testing for pre-post treatment measurement of mean score of total Pediatric Evaluation Disability Inventory (PEDI) showed that mean difference and standard deviation found to be 8.59±1.48 with a significant p value 0.00. Conclusion: The findings of study concluded that vestibular stimulation has significant effect of vestibular stimulation on balance in quadriplegic cerebral palsy. Moreover, there were seen significant improvement in other domains such as behavior, emotions, psychology and interactive learning approach. Keywords: Cerebral Palsy, Quadriplegia, Child, Vestibular Stimulation
Background: Successful athletes are motivated for future-oriented for more achievements. Apprehensive athletes are not as successful as highly motivated athletes. The sport participation is influenced by many factors those contribute in success of athletes. Objective: To explore the motivational factors for sports participation among Pakistani athletes. Methodology: The cross-sectional survey was conducted on both male and female athletes (n=400) between the age of 14 to 40 years, played at the national and international levels at least from one year. The study was conducted at the Pakistan sports board (PSB) from July-December 2018. The non-probability convenience sampling was used in this study. The sports participation scale-6 was used to explore the motivational factors. The data was presented as n(%). Results: the mean age of the participants were 24±5.45 years The results showed that the mean scores of six categories of Sports Motivational Scale (SMS) was 134.69±13.431, which showed that majority of athletes were highly motivated. The result of the study also showed that all subdomain of sports motivation scale positively correlated to total score (p<0.001), while a motivation was negatively associated r=-0.701, p<0.001) with total score of sports motivation scale. Although most of the athletes were normal in term of depression, anxiety, and stress. But depression is negatively correlated (r=-0.09, p=0.04) with sports motivation. Conclusion: This study concluded that most athletes are motivated because hard training improves their performance and other motivational factors are also associated like pleasure, internal satisfaction, and excitement. The least motivational factor was achieving social or material benefits of being an athlete. Keywords: Athlete, motivation, participation, stress.
Background: Sedentary lifestyle cause obesity that can disturb body composition, metabolic profiles and insulin resistance which may then lead to ectopic fat in organs and thus leads to diabetes. Physical activity and life style modification was found to be very effective in reducing diabetes and its risk in adults. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of moderate physical activity on glycemic control in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methodology: The participants with the age criteria of 35 years and above and non-insulin dependent type II diabetic mellitus were included in a study. A total of n=45 diabetic patient were assigned to three groups i.e. group 1 (brisk walk, n=16), Group 2 (aerobic training, n=16) and group 3 (resistance training, n=13). Each group performed these exercises for three months for five days a week, a total of 150 minutes per week. HbA1c test was used to determine the glucose level in blood. The data was presented in terms of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, median, and mode. Depending on normality of the data, MANCOVA test was used for within group changes while paired sample T test was used for between group comparisons. Paired sample T test was used to determine correlation. Results: The mean age of n=45 study participants were 49.75 ±7.86 years. Between groups analysis showed that all groups significantly improved (p<0.001) regarding HBA1c level after 12 weeks intervention. However, no significant difference {F(2,39), p=0.117} was observed among the groups regarding HBA1c level after 12 week intervention. Conclusion: Moderate physical activity showed significant improvement on HbA1c levels. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, moderate physical activity, HbA1c
Adhesive capsulitis is a common musculoskeletal condition that can cause discomfort and a limited range of motion (ROM) in the shoulder. Unknown is the precise pathophysiology of frozen shoulder. The tendon fibrosis and capsule contractors that limit mobility at the glenohumeral joint are often to blame. Objective: To determine the efficacy of thoracic spine manipulation on shoulder ROM, pain and disability in patients with frozen shoulder. Methods: This study was conducted in a randomized control fashion at the HHIRS Rehabilitation Department in Mansehra. Patients experiencing shoulder discomfort between the ages of 40 and 60 were included, both male and female. The analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22.0. For normality, the Shapiro-Walk test was applied. Tests both parametric and non-parametric were used to compare results within and across groups. Results: Friedman test presented comparison within group of variables via non parametric test for shoulder pain and ROMs. There is significant improving in variables on VAS scale and range of motions in both groups showed significant improvement p<0.001. Both group A and B showed statistically significant improvement in disability p<0.001 while in B group there was an irrelevant alteration in 3rd week. Conclusions: In comparison to traditional physical therapy alone, thoracic spine manipulation is more successful in improving shoulder discomfort, disability and ROM
Background: Adolescent smartphone users have developed a variety of musculoskeletal conditions due to their use of smartphones. ELDOA (Elongation longitudinaux avec decoaption osteo-articulaire) is based on maximizing facial and spinal stretching by assuming specific posture for 1 minute and post facilitation stretching is also a type of muscle energy technique that is used for chronically shortened or tight muscles. This aimed to compare the effects of post-facilitation stretching technique and ELDOA on neck pain and functional disability in mobile users experiencing Text neck syndrome during COVID-19. Methods: This single-blinded randomized control trial with a parallel group design was conducted at the Department of Physiotherapy Safi Hospital (Faisalabad, Pakistan) from September 2021 to April 2022. Forty smartphone users between the ages of 18 and 35 who had a Neck Disability Index score of >10 due to neck pain without unilateral arm symptoms participated in the study. Of the 40 participants, twenty were randomly assigned to the ELDOA group and twenty were assigned to the post facilitation stretching group, and each group received 3 weekly sessions of treatment for 6 weeks. The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) were used to measure pain intensity, functional disability, and smartphone addiction at baseline and after 18 sessions of treatment. SPSS version 22 was used to enter and analyze the data. To find comparisons between groups an independent sample t test was used, and a paired sample t test was used to find the difference within each group. Results: Post-treatment values showed statistically significant difference between groups. ELDOA group showed greater improvement in pain ( P < .03) with 95% CI [−1.33, −0.068] and functional disability ( P < .05) with 95% CI [−4.44, 0.143] at 6th week. There was no statistically significant difference ( P = .35) with 95% CI [−28.6, 10.4] between the two groups regarding smartphone addiction. The NPRS, NDI, SAS scores were significantly different within each group with P < .05. Conclusion: The study concluded that ELDOA method and post-facilitation stretching both were effective in treating neck pain and functional disability. However, ELDOA method was superior to post-facilitation stretching effects on neck pain and functional disability among patients with text neck syndrome.
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