Background Pilonidal sinus disease (PNS) is a disorder of the young population. The aim of this study is to analyze the risk factors associated with development of PNS in the secondary school students. Methods This case control study enrolled 189 participants, (Control group: 95 cases, case group: 94 cases). The inclusion criterion for the trial group was those secondary school students with PNS and age ranged between 16 and 20 years without the known risk factors of PNS. Result About 80 (42.3%) patients were male and 109 (57.7%) were female. Each group included 95 patients. There was no significant difference in both groups regarding basic features. Among the control group 36 (37.9%) participants were used to study while sitting on a hard place whereas among the case group 62 (66%) cases were used to study while sitting on a hard place, the difference was statistically significant (<0.001). Conclusion Sitting on the hard places could be regarded as a risk factor of developing PNS among secondary school students.
Background Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is a common chronic autoimmune thyroid disease, affecting mostly young and middle-aged females. It causes painless, firm, diffusely enlarged thyroid gland. The clinical presentations and thyroid status are variable. The anti-thyroid autoantibodies and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology with lymphocytic infiltration with Hurthle’s cells are pathognomonic. Objectives To assess the pattern of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in Sulaimani city, investigating the patients’ characteristics, clinical presentations, thyroid status and diagnosis and if these are mosaic, i.e. a mess or proper and organized like Messi. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out in Sulaimani Teaching Hospital, Iraq, from October 2014, to October 2015. The study enrolled eighty patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Results The mean age of the patients was 36.7 years. There was only one male patient. Only a quarter of patients had weight gain, but more than that (30%) had weight loss. The firmly diffuse enlarged gland was found in 64 (80%) patients. Over one-third of patients (36.25%) had high ESR. The majority (92.5%) had high anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Variable thyroid status was detected, slightly over half of them were hypothyroid, 30 (37.5%) patients had euthyroid status, and 7 (8.75%) were in hyperthyroid status. Ultrasound scan revealed; hypo-echogenicity (87.5%), enlarged thyroid gland (82.5%), increased vascularity (52.5%) and psuedonodules in (85%) of the patients. Seventy-six patients (95%) had lymphocytic infiltration, and 58 (72.5%) had Hürthle cells. Conclusion Hashimoto’s thyroiditis has variable clinical presentations and thyroid status, but it causes: Hypothyroidism, it is an Autoimmune disease, mainly affect women (sex distribution), of Middle age, with Enlarged thyroid gland, with characteristics ultrasound Scan findings, with raised Serum antibodies and characteristic lymphocytic cell Infiltration, therefore, HAS MESSI.
Objectives: Hemorrhoids are among the most common complaints worldwide, ranging from painless rectal bleeding to prolapsed hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids can be classified into external and internal types. External hemorrhoids do not need any specific treatment unless they are cause pain, bleed or become thrombosed. Methods: This study is a prospective study (case series study), approved by ethical committee, conducted on Fifty patients with prolapsed pile, 46 of whom were males and 4 were females and were collected in the span of 2 years from Sulaymaniyah Teaching hospital and Shar hospital. Topical application of mannitol included a gauze soaked with mannitol solution and applied to the prolapsed hemorrhoids. Results: All the patients presented with prolapsed hemorrhoids, 46 of them were males and 4 of them were females. Most of patients were heavy workers (46%), while students made up (18%), employee (22%), retired (8%) and free workers (6%). The most common clinical presentations were constipation (72%), anal pain (68%), bleeding (50%), itching (14%), discharge (4%) and prolapse only (6%). Conclusions: Prolapsed hemorrhoid can be managed conservatively by topical application of mannitol as it decreases edema, causing the hemorrhoidal tissue to retract to its position.
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