Citizen journalism is the process of producing information that ordinary citizens do for events that occur around them in various media. Although it looks egalitarian and inclusive, in reality, the practice of citizen journalism is lame and discriminatory. This article shows the beginnings of the journey of citizen journalism and what things are behind it. This study aims to provide an alternative view of the initial presence of citizen journalism, both in the world and in Indonesia. Data were obtained through interviews with stakeholders who understood the early history of citizen journalism, observation, documents, and literature. Citizen journalism is a long-standing practice, even older as journalism itself. Citizen journalism arises because of criticism professional journalism which is in favor of certain political interests and is too market-oriented; the development of internet technology; situations where professional journalism from its inception cannot be separated from citizens; and the profit motive. Behind it all, the big interests that imagine it are journalism itself (professional journalism), democracy (freedom of expression and opinion), and markets. All three are interrelated in motivating the presence of citizen journalism.
This paper examines how the practice of articulation, negotiation and the contest of reconciliation discourse of 1965 influenced and was influenced by various other discursive formations, especially by the moments of the construction of "Indonesian-ness" in the post New Order' era. This study focuses on discourse analysis approach in a Post-Structural perspective developed by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. This study found important points: First, the discourse of reconciliation itself is not a discourse which is immune to various developing contest and negotiations. It's also influenced by the tug of war of other various discourses. Second, in practice, every hegemony to interpret the reconciliation formula of 1965 is always challenged by various other competing discourses. Third, the various negotiations and contests of reconciliation cannot be separated from the relationship with the tug of war of negotiations and contest on how Indonesian-ness construction is formed, formulated and contested by various parties.
ABSTRACT Small-Medium Scale Business continues to make creative process especially by making serious effort to change the Small-Medium Scale Business image that during this time as the subcultural eco- nomic movement to be the great economic power. One of the efforts is through packaging design. The objective of this research is: a) to know the identity practice of Small – Medium Scale business through packaging design, b) to describe the reposition effort of Small – Medium Scale Business through packag- ing design in economic political practice of packaging design.Through cultural studies approach, this article is the result of research revealing the practice of identity made by Small-Medium Scale Business especially Small-Medium Scale Business of snack as the typical souvenir of Malang Regency, East Java, namely fruit snack. The finding shows practice of identity of Small-Medium Scale Business through packaging design, namely visualization, material up to production pattern of packaging design. Other findings of this research is the effort of Small Medium Scale Business in improving packaging image of its products as the part of reposition of Small-Me- dium Scale Business to win the market competition. In this case, it is realized as the point in economic political practice. Therefore, this research is capable of providing the result of practice of identity made by Small Medium Scale Business through packaging design by means of critical analysis of cultural studies. Keywords: design, packaging, practice of Identity    ABSTRAK UKM terus melakukan proses kreatif khususnya berupaya merubah citra UKM yang se- lama ini sebagai gerakan ekonomi subkultur menjadi kekuatan ekonomi yang besar. Salah satu upaya itu dilakukan melalui desain kemasan. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan: a) mengetahui praktek identitas UKM melalui desain kemasan, b) mendeskripsikan upaya reposisi UKM me- lalui desain kemasan dalam praktek politik ekonomi desain kemasan.Melalui pendekatan etnografi, tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang mengungkap tentang praktek identitas yang dilakukan oleh UKM khususnya UKM makanan ringan sebagai oleh-oleh khas dari Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur yakni keripik buah. Hasil yang sudah di dapatkan adalah praktek identitas UKM melalui desain kemasan yakni visualisasi, material, hingga pola produksi desain kemasan. Penemuan lain dari penelitian ini adalah upaya UKM guna menaikkan citra kemasan hasil produksinya sebagai bagian reposisi UKM sebagai bagian guna memenangkan persaingan pasar. Dimana hal ini disadari sebagai sebuah ujung dalam praktek politik ekonomi. Sehingga, penelitian ini mampu memberikan hasil bagaimana praktek identitas yang dilakukan UKM melalui desain kemasan dengan analisis kritis cultural studies.   Kata kunci: desain, kemasan, praktek identitas
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