Observing and studying the evolution of rare non-repetitive natural phenomena such as optical rogue waves or dynamic chemical processes in living cells is a crucial necessity for developing science and technologies relating to them. One indispensable technique for investigating these fast evolutions is temporal imaging systems. However, just as conventional spatial imaging systems are incapable of capturing depth information of a three-dimensional scene, typical temporal imaging systems also lack this ability to retrieve depth information-different dispersions in a complex pulse. Therefore, enabling temporal imaging systems to provide these information with great detail would add a new facet to the analysis of ultrafast pulses. In this paper, after discussing how spatial three-dimensional integral imaging could be generalized to the time domain, two distinct methods have been proposed in order to compensate for its shortcomings such as relatively low depth resolution and limited depth-of-field. The first method utilizes a curved time-lens array instead of a flat one, which leads to an improved viewing zone and depth resolution, simultaneously. The second one which widens the depth-of-field is based on the non-uniformity of focal lengths of time-lenses in the time-lens array. It has been shown that compared with conventional setup for temporal integral imaging, depth resolution, i.e. dispersion resolvability, and depth-of-field, i.e. the range of resolvable dispersions, have been improved by a factor of 2.5 and 1. 87, respectively. arXiv:1911.12397v1 [physics.optics] 27 Nov 2019
II. SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL INTEGRAL IMAGING: FORWARD AND RECONSTRUCTION STEPSInI technique is composed of two steps. First, the forward imaging step in which EIs are obtained and second, the reconstruction step that uses the EIs captured by the first step to reproduce or reconstruct the full 3D scene. In this section, we will briefly discuss these steps of spatial InI systems and based on that, we will discuss the forward and
In this paper, a method for increasing the temporal resolution of a temporal imaging system has been developed. Analogously to the conventional spatial imaging systems in which resolution limit is due to the finite aperture of the lens, in a temporal imaging system, finite temporal aperture of the time lens is responsible for limited temporal resolution. Based on the method used in spatial structured illumination super-resolution microscopy in spatial optics, we have utilized time prisms, which are temporal versions of conventional prisms, to shift the illusive frequency components of the input signal to become captured by the time lens. This method would pave the way to a highresolution temporal imaging system which has applications in the observation and study of fast and rare phenomena such as dynamics and evolution of optical rogue waves or cancer cells in the blood.
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