Rivers are considered as one of the main resources of water supply for various applications such as agricultural, drinking and industrial purposes. Also, these resources are used as a place for discharge of sewages, industrial wastewater and agricultural drainage. Regarding the fact that each river has a certain capacity for acceptance of pollutants, nowadays qualitative and environmental investigations of these resources are proposed. In this study, qualitative investigation of the Talar river was done according to Oregon Water Quality Index (OWQI), National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) and Wilcox indicators during 2011-2012 years at upstream, midstream and downstream of the river in two periods of wet and dry seasons. According to the results of OWQI, all of the values at 3 stations and both periods are placed at very bad quality category and the water is not acceptable for drinking purposes. According to NSFWQI, the best condition was related to the upstream station at wet season period (58, medium quality) and the worst condition was related to the downstream in wet season period (46, very bad quality). Also the results of Wilcox showed that in both periods of wet season and dry season, the water quality is getting better from upstream station to the downstream station, and according to the index classifi cation, the downstream water quality has shown good quality and it is suitable for agriculture.
Abstract. Environmental contaminants have been known to be present in many hazardous waste sites, which made an enormous impact on the quality of groundwater, soil and associated ecosystems. Remediation of these contaminated sites is an important challenge for the scientific and technical community. Nanotechnology is a broad and interdisciplinary field dealing with structures and particles at the nanoscale. Nano Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) is emerging as a new option for the treatment of contaminated soil and groundwater. Due to the small size, the particles are more reactive than granular iron which is conventionally applied in reactive barriers and can be used for in situ treatment. NZVI effectively reduces chlorinated organic contaminants (e.g. PCB, TCE, PCE, TCA, pesticides, solvents) and also inorganic anions (perchlorate). This present research gives an overview over the characteristics and application of nano zero valent iron in general and summarizes its use in groundwater remediation.
In many countries such as Iran, social and industrial developments changed the qualitative characteristics of the river's water quality and leads to excessive pollution. The first step for river water quality management is obtaining information on changes of river water quality in dimensions of time and place and also, determination of major sources of pollutants. WQI is a mathematical and statistical tool for conversion of quantitative values of large quantity of water quality data into single number which presents a simple and understandable tool for qualitative assessment. In current study, samples were collected from stations at up, middle and downstream of three rivers in Mazandaran province (Siahrod River, Haraz River and Babolrod River) in a 2 years interval of 2012-2013 years. The values of NSFWQI (water quality index of America's national health organization) were calculated for all stations and all of the stations were located on the level of unsuitable conditions. According to NSFWQI, the best condition was related to the upstream of Haraz River and the worst condition was related to the downstream of Siahrood River.
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