In this paper, we have reviewed and presented a critical overview of “energy-efficient and reliable routing solutions” in the field of wireless body area networks (WBANs). In addition, we have theoretically analysed the importance of energy efficiency and reliability and how it affects the stability and lifetime of WBANs. WBAN is a type of wireless sensor network (WSN) that is unique, wherever energy-efficient operations are one of the prime challenges, because each sensor node operates on battery, and where an excessive amount of communication consumes more energy than perceiving. Moreover, timely and reliable data delivery is essential in all WBAN applications. Moreover, the most frequent types of energy-efficient routing protocols include crosslayer, thermal-aware, cluster-based, quality-of-service, and postural movement-based routing protocols. According to the literature review, clustering-based routing algorithms are the best choice for WBAhinwidth, and low memory WBAN, in terms of more computational overhead and complexity. Thus, the routing techniques used in WBAN should be capable of energy-efficient communication at desired reliability to ensure the improved stability period and network lifetime. Therefore, we have highlighted and critically analysed various performance issues of the existing “energy-efficient and reliable routing solutions” for WBANs. Furthermore, we identified and compiled a tabular representation of the reviewed solutions based on the most appropriate strategy and performance parameters for WBAN. Finally, concerning to reliability and energy efficiency in WBANs, we outlined a number of issues and challenges that needs further consideration while devising new solutions for clustered-based WBANs.
Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have been widely regarded as solution providers for future Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)-based ehealthcare amenities. The IEEE 802.11 standard specifies media access protocols in wireless networks, along with channel access methods. WBANs are expected to improve the existing healthcare services significantly, but several research challenges also have to be tackled for apt utilization of the technology. Guarantee of Quality-of-Service (QoS) differentiation between various health parameters, such as temperature and blood pressure, during mobility is a major challenge for the provision of ehealthcare services. The scheme proposed in this paper for the Mobile Wi-Fi based connectivity of WBANs is designed to provide QoS-based priorities for ehealthcare subscribers by altering the Contention Window (CW) for different applications of patient health monitoring. The relationship between CW and QoS is utilized to achieve efficient resource assignment. Three different health parameters, i.e., ECG (Electrocardiogram), BP (blood pressure) and temperature. are monitored using medical CPS in this work. The performance evaluation results, such as end-to-end packet delay and throughput for various data traffic classes reveal that the proposed scheme improves QoS provision.
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