ResumoEste trabalho objetivou avaliar o potencial alelopático de extratos etanólicos do caule e das folhas de Copaifera sabulicola, sobre a germinação de sementes e o crescimento de plântulas de Lactuca sativa e Lycopersicum esculentum, bem como avaliar o efeito alelopático desses extratos sobre a germinação e o crescimento de plântulas de Zea mays, a partir de bioensaios em condições de laboratório. Os extratos foram testados nas concentrações 0, 250, 500 e 1.000 mg.L -1. Avaliou-se a porcentagem de germinação, velocidade média de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação e comprimento médio das plântulas. Todos os parâmetros foram submetidos análise de variância, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste Scott-nott p 0,05 . eri couse que, em L. sativa, o extrato do caule promoveu estímulos signi cativos na porcentagem de germinação e no crescimento radicular, enquanto o extrato foliar estimulou somente o crescimento radicular. Em L. esculentum, o extrato do caule promoveu estímulos signi cativos no crescimento do hipocótilo e radicular, já o extrato foliar estimulou somente o crescimento radicular. Em Z. mays, ambos os extratos inibiram signi cativamente a germinação. Portanto, constatou-se o potencial alelopático dos extratos etanólicos de C. sabulicola sobre L. sativa e L. esculentum, bem como o efeito alelopático inibitório sobre Z. mays. Palavras-chave:Bioensaios; Cerrado; Germinação; Metabólitos secundários AbstractAllelopathic evaluation of ethanol extracts of Copaifera sabulicola on the initial development of Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicum esculentum, and Zea mays. This paper aimed to evaluate the allelopathic potential of ethanol extracts from stem and leaves of Copaifera sabulicola on seed germination and seedling growth of Lactuca sativa and Lycopersicum esculentum, as well as to evaluate the allelopathic effect of these extracts on seedling germination and growth of Zea mays, through bioassays under laboratory conditions. The extracts were
Knowing plant traits and their contribution to genetic diversity is key to identify favorable genotypes and breed new cultivars. This article aims to describe and quantify the genetic divergence between soybean cultivars grown in the Cerrado in southwestern Piauí, Brazil, and identify favorable genotypes for hybridization. To do this, 13 soybean cultivars were grown in the region and assessed concerning vegetative and reproductive performance traits. Randomized block design was adopted, with four replications. Genetic divergence was determined by using the generalized Mahalanobis distance procedure, the Tocher's optimization method, and the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). Under the conditions analyzed, the Tocher's method and the UPGMA grouped the cultivars in a similar way. Genetic variability enabled the identification of dissimilar genotypes, and leaf area, thousand-seed weight, and pod length were the traits providing greater contribution. Hybridization between the cultivars Pampeana 10 RR x FT Campo Novo RR, BRS Sambaíba, M9350, M9144 RR, P99R03, or P99R09; between M8766 RR x Pampeana 20 RR, Pampeana 30 RR or P99R09; and between P99R09 x Pampeana 20 RR or Pampeana 30 RR showed to be favorable in order to obtain segregating populations with higher variability.
Soybean plants are constantly exposed to abiotic stresses that compromise production, among these, in areas of Brazilian Cerrado, mainly in the northeast region, periods of drought can occur due to irregular and summer rainfall. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the physiological response of Monsoy 9350 soybean at different stages of development, when subjected to water stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in the experimental area of the campus of the Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI) in Bom Jesus-PI, assembled in a 3x3 factorial scheme, with water in the soil at three levels (50% VTP; 75% VTP and 100% VTP) and three phenological phases, budding to bloom (BF); bloom to complete grain filling (FE) and budding to complete grain filling (BE), the experiment consisted of 9 treatments, in a randomized block design, containing 4 replications. The evaluation of the experiment was standardized according to the phenological stages and not according to the time. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, internode length, internode thickness, number of branches, chlorophyll index, number of flowers, insertion of the first pod and number of pods. According to the evaluated results, the water stress in soybean for cultivating Monsoy 9350 mainly affects the period from budding to bloom, interfering negatively in height, chlorophyll and number of pods.
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