Feminisms and Intersectionality TheoryI am new. History made me. My first language was spanglish. I was born at the crossroads and I am whole.
Using a cross-sectional design, this study utilized a self-administered survey to examine the relationship between acculturation, physical and emotional health, health locus of control (LOC), life events and depression among a convenient sample of 70 immigrant Muslim elderly in United States of America. In addition to demographic variables, 5 standardized measures including the Vancouver Index of Acculturation, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD), Iowa Self-Assessment Inventory, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, and the Geriatric Scale of Recent Life Events were utilized in this study. The results showed that about 50% of participants reported a score of 16 and above on the CESD scale, indicating a presence of depressive symptoms. In addition, most participants identified with their heritage culture compared to the American culture. The results of multiple regression analysis revealed 4 significant predictors of depression: cognitive status (β = -.34, p < .01), heritage culture (β = .35, p < .01), physical health (β = -.27, p < .05), and internal health locus of control (β = -.25, p < .05). These factors explain about 37% of the total variance in levels depression (R = .61).
Sex trafficking (ST), a contemporary form of female slavery, is a human rights issue of critical concern to social work. The global response to ST has been substantial, and 166 countries have adopted anti-ST legislation. Despite considerable efforts to combat ST, the magnitude is increasing. To date, the majority of anti-ST efforts have focused on criminalization policies that target traffickers or purchasers of sexual services, who are predominantly male; prevention programming and services for predominantly female victims have received less support. Therapeutic services to assist pornography addicts and purchasers of sexual services are also necessary. In this article, authors examine current anti-ST policies, programs, and services, both domestically and globally, and present an innovative paradigm that addresses social inequities and emphasizes prevention programming. They conclude with a discussion of the paradigm's implications for social work policies, practices, and services.
Globalization is increasingly a fact of everyday life for societies in the Global North (hereafter referred to as the North) as well as the Global South (hereafter referred to as the South). For those of us who live as immigrants or have long been cognizant of the interdependent nature of nations and people of the world, globalization is not news. However, globalization has recently been pushed to the forefront of the popular imagination for several reasons: the increased pace of economic transactions between the North and the South; climate change and its effects; war and the resulting migration of refugees and internally displaced persons; and the rise of social movements and organizations that are transnational in character, such as Doctors Without Borders, the International Federation of Social Workers, and the Center for the Development of Population Activities.Social work, too, is becoming aware of this global reality, as evidenced by the recent proliferation of scholarship on international social work. Yet, much of that scholarship has emanated from scholars in the North and has done little to challenge the dominant power relations within which the North-South divide exists (Lyons, 1999). Scholars of international social work have not generally interrogated the terms by which scholars and social workers in the North can dialogue with scholars and social workers in the South in ways that are equitable, mutually reinforcing, and directed toward social justice. Rather, they have tended to universalize from their epistemological and experiential bases to ''teach'' those in the South how to understand and do social work (Lyons, 2006). Scholars in the North and the South have recently begun to examine critically the practices of their own nationstates in the global economy and the manner in which social workers are also implicated in these processes (Dominelli, 2004(Dominelli, , 2008. Some have also formed organizations to challenge and critique the practices of nation-states in the South (Lyons, 1999).Social workers who live, practice, and write in the North are in the unenviable position of feeling strongly the tensions of the ''welfare'' state that are implicated in uneven and unjust globalization processes. The tensions are a direct result of the fact that social workers practice in welfare states that refuse to look beyond the narrow confines of their own nation-states when addressing social welfare issues. For example, the presence of economic migrants in nation-states in the North is
International migration is a causal factor in the problems addressed regularly by many, perhaps most, social workers in all countries. In migrant-receiving countries, many immigrants are traumatized, vulnerable, exploited, and overwhelmed by the problems of coping with radical, legal, economic, social, cultural, and personal problems for which they are inadequately prepared, financed, and socially supported. The remittances that migrants send home to their families are essential, but the flow of remittances is not always steady or reliable, and the socially weakened family that is left behind is often less able to cope with the problems that caused the emigrants to leave, including poverty, social discrimination, and persecution.Women immigrants have made significant strides in improving their own conditions and the conditions of their family members who have been left behind. However, for women who are separated from their families, the consequences of wrong decisions and bad fortune are especially dire. These women are often more vulnerable physically and more likely to be exploited than are their male counterparts. They have urgent needs for support from thoroughly informed and prepared social workers, specifically those who are feminists. The many social workers who work with immigrants are finding that political and social institutions and policies are not conducive to resolving the problems that degrade the productivity and well-being of women immigrants. The corollary of the needs for well-founded services, policies, and institutions is an underlying need for evidence-based information, sound analyses, the documentation of best practices, and the dissemination of such information through schools of social work, continuing education, and media used by social work professionals.Unfortunately, the scope of social work scholarship on women migrants' issues is not commensurate with the scope of the needs. This editorial aims to encourage social work scholars to focus more attention on the issues of migration, especially those that affect the well-being and productivity of migrant women.International migration patterns have changed as a consequence of broad social, political, economic, and environmental trends. Now the driving forces include war, globalization, urbanization, and changing cultural norms regarding social roles and responsibilities. The increasing economic significance of migrants' remittances in recent decades has focused economists' attention on international labor migration. However, until about a decade ago, most data on migration that were used by economists were gender blind (Morrison, Schiff, & Sjöblom, 2007), perhaps because of an unexamined assumption that the great majority of labor migrants are men, with women being the recipients of remittances at home or with women migrants being part of the migrating families
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