Background:
Even though the battle against cancer has advanced remarkably in last few decades and the survival rate has improved very significantly, an ultimate cure for cancer treatment stills remains an undeterred problem. In such scenario, nanoinformatics, which is bioinformatics coupled with nanotechnology, endows with many novel research opportunities in the preclinical and clinical development of specially personalized nanosized drugs and carriers bestowing newer dimensions in anticancer research and therapy. Personalized nanomedicines tends to serve as a promising treatment option for cancer owing to their noninvasiveness and their novel approach. Explicitly, the field of personalized medicine is expected to have an enormous impact in clinical research owing to its diverse advantages and its versatility to adapt a drug to a cohort of patients.
Objective:
The current review attempts to explain the implications of nanoinformatics as a new emerging field in the field of pharmacogenomics and precision medicine. This review also recapitulates how nanoinformatics could accelerate the developments of personalized nanomedicine in anticancer research, which is undoubtedly the need of the hour.
Conclusion:
The approach and concept of personalized nanomedicine has been facilitated by humongous impending field of Nanoinformatics. The breakthrough progressions made through nanoinformatics have prominently changed the insight of the future personalized medicinal drug in cancer research. Nanoparticle based medicine has been developing and has created a center of attention in recent years, with a prime focus on proficient delivery mechanisms for various chemotherapy drugs. Nanoinformatics has allowed merging of all recent advances from creating nanosized particles that contain drugs targeting cell surface receptors to other potent molecules designed to kill cancerous cells and its subsequent application to personalize medicine.
Enterotoxigenic
E.coli
is causing diarrheal illness in children as well as adults with the majority of the cases occurring in developing countries. To reduce the number of cases occurring worldwide, the development of an effectual vaccine against these bacteria can be the only prevention. This conjectural work was performed using modern bioinformatics tools for investigation of proteome of ETEC strain E24377A. Different computational vaccinology approaches were deployed to assess several parameters including antigenicity, allergenicity, stability, localization, molecular weight and toxicity of the predicted epitopes required for good vaccine candidate to elicit immune response against diarrhea. We estimated two known control antigens, epitope
141
STLPETTVV
149
of Hepatitis B virus and epitope
265
ILRGSVAHK
273
of H1N1 Nucleoprotein in an attempt to corroborate our research work. Furthermore molecular docking was performed to evaluate the interaction between HLA allele and peptide, the peptide QYGGGNSAL and peptide LPYFELRWL were considered to be the most promiscuous T cell epitopes with the highest binding energy value of −2.09 kcal/mol and −1.84 kcal/mol, respectively. In addition, dynamic simulation revealed good stability of the vaccine construct as well as population coverage analysis exhibits the highest population coverage in the regions of East Asia, India, Northeast Asia, South Asia and North America. Therefore, these two epitopes can be further synthesized for wet lab analysis and could be considered as a promising vaccine against diarrhea.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13721-021-00287-6.
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