Background: High global incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is an observable complication in critically ill patients. Long-term disease and medication complexity contribute to devastating chronic kidney disease (CKD), diminishing quality of life. Objective: To establish new biomarkers to guide patient care and facilitate novel therapeutics development. Methods: Serum and urinary levels of creatinine, CysC, and NGAL were estimated in 86 renal patients and compared with healthy controls for AKI and CKD categorization. Creatinine and CysC measurements were used to estimate GFR. Kidney biopsies were prepared for light microscopy for further characterization. Patients’ demographic data were used in group association studies. Results: Thirty-six patients met the criteria for AKI and 50 for CKD. Both mean serum and urine creatinine levels were significantly elevated by 2.8 and 2.6, respectively, from baseline in 48 h in the AKI group but not CKD group. Mean serum Cystatin C (CysC) values were higher than controls but similar in both disease states, while urine levels were slightly higher in CKD patients, and remained steady by the end of the follow-up (EF-Up). Further, a significant 2.9-fold and 5.5-fold (p=0.001) increase in serum NGAL in AKI and CKD, respectively, and a dramatic 7.1-factor reduction in AKI group, but no appreciable change in the CKD group from admission to EF-Up were observed. Similarly, urine NGAL level for AKI and CKD increased 3.2-fold and 6-fold respectively, on admission, which decreased moderately with the AKI group (2.5-fold) but increased by a factor of 1-8 (10.7- fold; p=0.001) at EF-Up. ROC assessment curve revealed relatively higher NGAL performance at good predictive values than CysC (p < 0.009). Conclusion: Our data demonstrated creatinine elevation by a factor > 2 in 48 h in AKI group but not CKD group, which returned close to normal levels by the EF-Up, an indication of abrupt renal injury in AKI, compared with a persistent effect in the CKD group. Both serum and urine NGAL sensitivity and specificity provided powerful discriminative tool between AKI and CKD by reduction in the AKI group and an increase in the CKD group by the EF-UP, thus, contributing in establishing the basis for AKI and CKD classification. CysC, however, displayed less sensitivity than NGAL, indicating effects by enigmatic non-specific factors.
ORIGINAL PROF-2759 ABSTRACT… Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is commonly injured especially in sportsmen. Autografts using tissue from various sources including the quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament are popular but still controversial due to varying degree of success. The morphological characteristics of the quadriceps tendon and the patellar ligament are of prime importance for this purpose. Objectives: This cadaveric study was undertaken to evaluate the morphometric characteristics of the quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament as an autograft for ACL reconstructive surgery. Study design: Qualitative cadaveric study. Material and methods: The morphometric observations of the quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament on 36 (18 male and 18 female) adult formalin fixed cadavers were recorded by dissection. The observations included the length, breadth and thickness of the quadriceps tendon and the patellar ligament and were recorded on both sides separately in the male and female subjects. The data were tabulated, compared and statistically analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in measurements on the right and left sides both in the male and in the female specimens. However the length and width of the quadriceps tendon was more in the males as compared to the females. The patellar ligament was significantly longer in the male specimens as was its width. Thickness of the patellar ligament, however, was not significantly different in the two genders. Conclusion: Both the quadriceps tendon and the patellar ligament are safe and convenient sources of autograft tissue for reconstruction of the ACL.
A high degree of endemism has been recorded for several plant groups collectively in Saint Katherine Protectorate (SKP) in the Sinai Peninsula. Nine endangered endemic plant species in SKP were selected to test the variable abilities of three different DNA barcodes; Riboluse-1,5- Biphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Large subunit ( rbcL ), Internal Transcribed Spacer ( ITS ), and the two regions of the plastid gene ( ycf1 ) as well as Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) Polymorphism to find the phylogenetic relationships among them. The three barcodes were generally more capable of finding the genetic relationships among the plant species under study, new barcodes were introduced to the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) for the first time through our work. The barcode sequences were efficient in finding the genetic relationships between the nine species. However, SCoT polymorphism could only cluster plant species belonging to the same genus together in one group, but it could not cluster plant species belonging to the same families except for some primers solely. RbcL was the most easily amplified and identified barcode in eight out of the nine species at the species level and the ninth barcode to the genus level. ITS identified all the species to the genus level. Finally, ycf1 identified six out of the eight species, but it could not identify two of the eight species to the genus level.
Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is commonly injured especiallyin sportsmen. Autografts using tissue from various sources including the quadriceps tendonand patellar ligament are popular but still controversial due to varying degree of success. Themorphological characteristics of the quadriceps tendon and the patellar ligament are of primeimportance for this purpose. Objectives: This cadaveric study was undertaken to evaluate themorphometric characteristics of the quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament as an autograft forACL reconstructive surgery. Study design: Qualitative cadaveric study. Material and methods:The morphometric observations of the quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament on 36 (18 maleand 18 female) adult formalin fixed cadavers were recorded by dissection. The observationsincluded the length, breadth and thickness of the quadriceps tendon and the patellar ligamentand were recorded on both sides separately in the male and female subjects. The data weretabulated, compared and statistically analyzed. Results: There was no significant differencein measurements on the right and left sides both in the male and in the female specimens.However the length and width of the quadriceps tendon was more in the males as comparedto the females. The patellar ligament was significantly longer in the male specimens as wasits width. Thickness of the patellar ligament, however, was not significantly different in the twogenders. Conclusion: Both the quadriceps tendon and the patellar ligament are safe andconvenient sources of autograft tissue for reconstruction of the ACL.
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