This study examines the intersection between religion and economic performance through investigating religious ethics and tradition among devout businesswomen. This study also focuses on the issue of spiritual business enterprise. I observed seven Muslim business women as subjects who negotiate a religious and cultural perception of their gendered role in society. During their entrepreneurial journey, Muslim business women transform their conventional company into spiritual – based operations for religious and ethical reason. I undertook nine weeks of fieldwork in urban areas of Jakarta, Purworejo and Yogyakarta. I also conduct life story interview sessions and participatory observation with the seven Muslim business women’s project of business including director, manager, employee, and so – called spiritual division. Significantly, the products that they sell reflect spiritual and moral underpinnings. Moreover, the spiritual design of company plays a role in employee screening, training, and benefit, which all incorporate aspects of Islamic practice. This research demonstrates the strong role of religion namely Islam, as evidenced in the Muslim business women’s narratives, in functioning as a support system that can greatly enhance the economic and life prosperity. Keywords: Muslim business women, religious ethics, spiritual economics, Indonesia
This study attempts to describe the symbolic interpretations of Ganjuran temple, the sacred hearth shrine in the context of religious and social construction, with the case study on Ganjuran Church, a Catholic church, the sacred heart of Jesus, in Sumbermulyo village, Bambanglipuro, Bantul-Yogyakarta. Based on the qualitative, wherein the data collected through an in-depth interview for, utilizing the theory of religious symbol and communication including the sacred space by Livingston in the book of Anatomy of Religion as its analytical framework, the result showed that in the case of Ganjuran temple, the sacred hearth shrine in Catholic is the indication of religious existence in the context of social and cultural communication. The symbols of the temple as the sacred Catholic placed in four classifications among the identity aspect; the intersection of traditional prosperity, the image of cultural heritage, and also the space of pilgrimage are the discussions on how this place can be popular in the context of the public environment. Every kind of the interpretation regarding the symbol has a specific significance in the reality, in which, each of them is the sign of communication that denotes a certain issue based on the religious and social construction. Keywords:Religion, Symbol, Sacred place
This study aims to analyze the encounter of cemetery cases related to Sapta Dharma indigenous religion and how it deals with the state’s regulation on the religious freedom in terms of expression and negotiation with the participants including the society as the victim, the local government, and the dynamic interaction among them. The framework of religious freedom by Elizabeth Shakman Hurd on Believing in Religious Freedom and the discourse of Human Rights and Religion within the debates by Rosalind. I. J. Hackett used to analyze the data. This study found that the case of cemetery in Sapta Dharma in some villages which are located in the region of Brebes Central Java underlines a significant notion on the expression of religious freedom for the Indigenous Religion. Religious freedom in the case of the needs of cemetary in Sapta Dharma also attaches the idea of majority and minority. Sapta Dharma as the minority and Islam as the majority of religion in Brebes create another standing point on the notion that minority is always in contact with such discrimination and oppression. Negotiation and mediation are two important things in putting off the caseKeywords :Religious Freedom, Sapta Dharma Cemetery, Negotiation
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