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Background Nurse‐to‐nurse (N2N) horizontal violence has been documented among the main determinants of nurses' turnover intention. Even with its utmost importance, inadequate attention has been thus far drawn to the way crisis‐induced pressure added to work environments, such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, can impact horizontal violence, and then give rise to turnover intention. Aim The present study was to investigate the relationship between N2N horizontal violence along with its dimensions and turnover intention among clinical nurses. Methods A cross‐sectional survey was conducted utilizing the Turnover Intention Questionnaire (TIQ), developed by Kim et al. (2007), and the Negative Acts Questionnaire‐Revised (NAQ‐R; Einarsen, Hoel, & Notelaers, 2009). The participants, recruited by random sampling, included 295 clinical nurses working in referral hospitals for COVID‐19. The data were also analysed using the SPSS software package (ver. 19), via descriptive and inferential statistics, Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression. Results The study participants obtained the mean scores of 52.50 ± 11.85 and 45.38 ± 13.24 for turnover intention and horizontal violence, respectively. Among the dimensions of horizontal violence, the highest value belonged to “work‐related bullying,” with the mean score of 51.04 ± 15.23, and the lowest was associated with the “physically intimidating bullying” dimension, with the mean value of 15.90 ± 5.96. The Pearson correlation test results correspondingly showed that turnover intention was positively correlated with work‐related bullying ( r = 0.73), person‐oriented bullying ( r = 0.72), physically intimidating bullying ( r = 0.53) and overall horizontal violence ( r = 0.74). The regression analysis outcomes additionally demonstrated that the work‐related and person‐oriented bullying dimensions of N2N horizontal violence could predict turnover intention in nurses ( F = 184.66, p < 0.001). Implications The study findings help nursing managers and policymakers to immediately formulate sound measures and guidelines to prevent or at least manage the problems, viz., N2N horizontal violence and turnover intention. These measures can be thus in the form of training programs focused on communication, stress reduction and conflict resolution techniques, especially during crises, together with obvious procedures for reporting the incidents of horizontal violence.

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Introduction Moral courage (MC) has been characterized among the vital strategies, adopted by nurses, for dealing with moral distress; even though there are some factors hindering the development of this behavior in clinical settings. Objective The present study accordingly aimed to shed light on Iranian nurses’ lived experiences regarding MC inhibitors. Methods This qualitative descriptive study was fulfilled, using conventional content analysis. For this purpose, the participants comprised of 15 nurses were recruited purposively from teaching hospitals in Iran. As well, in-depth, individual semistructured interviews in a face-to-face mode were held for data collection. The data were further analyzed by Graneheim and Lundman's method. Results The analysis of the interviews revealed some MC inhibitors, including the individual factors (viz., personality traits, fear of job loss, poor scientific/practical skills, lack of ethical knowledge, and phobia of unpleasant experience recurrence), and the organizational ones (namely, no reward system, lack of power at work and physician dominance, inadequate organizational support, and suppressive environment). Conclusion The study findings demonstrated that the MC inhibitors in the nursing practice could be split into two general themes, that is, the individual and organizational ones. Accordingly, organizations could motivate nurses to make ethical decisions courageously, using supporting strategies, such as giving importance to nurses and empowering them, applying appropriate evaluation criteria, and appreciating ethical performance in these frontline healthcare workers.

Introduction: Urinary incontinence is one of the causes of the dependence of the elderly on others and is one of the main reasons for sending the elderly to care centers. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of behavioral interventions program on urinary incontinence in the elderly. Patients and Methods: In this quasi-experimental clinical trial (without a control group), 30 elderly men with acute urinary incontinence were selected from elderly care centers in Urmia city using the available sampling method. The intervention included pelvic floor and bladder exercises and lifestyle modification training, individually. The standard ICIQ-SF questionnaire was completed before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed by paired t-test and Wilcoxon tests. Results: The findings showed a statistically significant difference between urinary leakage frequency (P= 0.002), urinary leakage rate (P=0.001) and the effect of urinary leakage on the quality of life (P < 0.001) of the subjects before and after the intervention. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that a combination of the pelvic floor and bladder exercises and lifestyle change are effective in decreasing urinary incontinence in elderly men. Trial Registration: The trial protocol was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (identifier: IRCT20180808040742N2; https://en.irct.ir/trial/43204, ethical code #IR.UMSU.REC.1391.31).