No abstract

Hypertriglyceridemia was a predictor of macrosomia in non-obese women. More studies on different ethnicities and lifestyles are necessary to determine the association between the level of maternal TG and fetal macrosomia in BMI subgroups.

A previously healthy 30-year-old African American male presented to our hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis as his first manifestation of diabetes. A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) was performed with contrast, which showed isolated noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium (INVM). The case presented here is followed by an extensive review of the available literature.

Objective Postoperative nausea and vomiting is one of the most common side effects after anesthesia in surgeries, such as cesarean section. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ginger and metoclopramide in the prevention of nausea and vomiting during and after cesarean section. Methods This clinical trial was conducted on 180 patients aged 18-40 years who underwent cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. The first group received 10 mg of metoclopramide via intravenous injection (metoclopramide group), and the second group received 1 g of oral ginger (ginger group) half an hour before spinal anesthesia. The frequency and severity of nausea and vomiting during surgery and at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively were compared in both groups. To analyze the results, the t-test, chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney test were used. Results There was no significant difference in the frequency of nausea and vomiting between the 2 groups during operation, 2 hours and 6 hours after surgery (P=0.182, 0.444 and 0.563 respectively). The severity of nausea and vomiting was also similar in the 2 groups (P=0.487 and 0.652 respectively); however, the metoclopramide group had a lower systolic blood pressure (P<0.001; df=2.176; f=18.66) and mean arterial pressure (P<0.001; df=2.176; f=6.36) than the ginger group. Conclusion The results revealed that ginger reduced nausea and vomiting to the same extent as metoclopramide in patients undergoing cesarean section.

Induced abortion is the termination of pregnancy by medical or surgical methods before the fetus' viability. Available evidences show that due to spasmolytic effects, use of Hyoscine with Misoprostol may reduce the pain during abortion induction. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Misoprostol in combination with Hyoscine compared with Misoprostol alone in reducing the duration of abortion induction. In a clinical trial at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences on 126 pregnant women with gestational age below 20 weeks elected for abortion, the effect of Misoprostol in combination with Hyoscine compared with Misoprostol alone was evaluated in reducing the duration of abortion induction. The mean duration of abortion induction in Misoprostol with Hyoscine represented statistically significant decrease compared with Misoprostol (653.38 ± 80.386 min, with 726.29 ± 64.56 min) (P ≤ 0.001). There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics, including maternal age, gestational age, gravidity, parity and history of abortion between the two study groups, and the two groups were homogeneous. Duration of abortion induction (p < 0.001), the rate of vaginal bleeding (p < 0.001), and the rate of hemoglobin deficiency (p = 0.002) in the group receiving Misoprostol suppositories and Hyoscine was significantly lower than in the group receiving Misoprostol suppositories alone. The need for analgesics in the group receiving Misoprostol suppositories and Hyoscine was significantly less than in the group receiving Misoprostol suppositories alone (p < 0.001). Finally, results of this study showed that adding 20 mg Hyoscine intra venous to vaginal Misoprostol is effective in significantly reducing the duration of the abortion induction, getting less pain killers, less vaginal bleeding and less decrease in hemoglobin changes.