The use of ant nests (Myrmecodia pendens) native of Borneo as an antibacterial. The aim of this research is to make the crude drug from the ant nest, simply extracting, condensing and test the ability of anti-bacterial properties of ant nests. This study covers the development of these extracts, proximate analysis, and test the antibacterial activity of plant-ant nest. Parameters measured were the growth of antibacterial activity against Salmonella sp., E. coli and Bacillus sp. showed by inhibition (clear zone). The results showed that plant-ant nests have antibacterial power. Ethanol extract of the ant nests provide a better inhibition compared with water extraction ant nests. Antibacterial activity of the ant nest extracts can be applied both in gram- positive and gram-negative bacteria. Key wood : ant nest, antibacterial, inhibition capability
Crumb rubber is one of Indonesia’s agroindustry export commodities. This industry faces environmental problems due to their wastes, both liquid and air. The source of air pollution is commonly from drying process that emitted odor from its evaporation and heating phenomena. Industry uses wet scrubber technology as air pollution control from emitted odor from drying process. Preliminary identification in noncontrolled wet scrubber shown that wet scrubber efficiency around 47%. Low efficiency wet scrubbing process causes rain drop of water vapor around drying process. This research used electrochemical based sensor MICS 5524 as ammonia monitoring instrument, assisted with arduino as microcontroller to regulate water discharge through valve controlling scrubbing process. This electrochemical based sensor reads ammonia based on voltage reads by Arduino microcontroller. Ammonia reading then control scrubbing process by adjusting valve opening for spray water distribution. Wet scrubber efficiency increases to 66,96% due to water scrubbing control, also can save water utilization as high as 61,90%, followed by absence of rain drop contains ammonia around drying process area.
Pharmaceutical wastewater is a critical issue for environmental and human safety due to its resistant characteristic and toxicity. Studies reported that pharmaceutical residue and several drug metabolites have been detected in the aquatic environment and pose a high risk to humans and the ecosystem. Many technologies are ranging from conventional methods, such as activated sludge, anaerobic digestion, and aerobic membrane bioreactors (MBR), to advanced treatment, such as advanced oxidation process (AOP), or integration of more than one method. Integration of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and constructed wetlands was applied for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment discharged by one of Semarang’s pharmaceutical industry. The performance of UASB and constructed wetlands were evaluated. Up to 75% and 94% of COD removal efficiency was achieved in UASB and constructed wetlands, respectively. An average of 95% of pollutant removal was achieved by the system, indicating the stability and potential of UASB and constructed wetland integration in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.
ABSTRAKTumbuhan sarang semut (Myrmecodia sp) merupakan salah satu diantara dari tumbuhan hutan yang memiliki banyak manfaat. Kandungan bahan aktif yang ada di dalam tumbuhan ini telah terbukti bermanfaat bagi tubuh. Penelitian formulasi produk olahan dari sarang semut asal Kalimantan Selatan bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formulasi produk olahan dari tumbuhan sarang semut. Metodologi penelitian meliputi pengolahan sarang semut, pengujian fitokimia, pembuatan formulasi, pembuatan permen, pengujian sesuai SNI dan uji organoleptik. Berdasarkan pengujian fitokimia, tumbuhan sarang semut (Myrmecodia sp) memiliki kandungan senyawa aktif seperti saponin, alkaloid, tanin, fenolik, flavonoid, triterfenoid dan glikosida. Berdasarkan uji organoleptik, formulasi permen sarang semut yang paling disukai yaitu formulasi gula, glukosa, madu dan mint, serta kandungan ekstrak sarang semut sebanyak 25%. Berdasarkan SNI 357.1:2008 tentang kembang gula keras, formulasi permen sarang semut yang dibuat memenuhi persyaratan yang ditentukan.Kata kunci : sarang semut, ekstraksi, senyawa aktif, formulasi, permen
ABSTRACT
Ant plant (Myrmecodia sp) is one of the many forest products that has a lot of benefits. Active compounds in this plant
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