The current study, which purposed to examine the mediating role of Employee Engagement (EE) in the relationship of Servant Leadership (SL) with the Organizational Performance (OP), was carried out in Jordan. The researchers distributed a questionnaire to 277 participants working in the private airline sector. The study’s findings showed that SL was positively linked with Employee Satisfaction (ES) and Employee Retention (ER) as indicators for OP. Finally; the findings indicated that EE partially mediates the relationships of SL with employee satisfaction and employee retention. The current research is the first empirical study of the airline sector in Jordan. It is also the first to focus on EE as a mediator of the effect of SL and employee retention using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for analyzing the data collected from employees working in the airline sector.
The current study aimed to explore challenges faced by Arab doctoral students during their PhD program in an English Medium of Instruction (EMI) context. Besides, it intended to highlight the appropriate solutions provided by respondents to solve these challenges. Six Arab doctoral students (3 males and 3 females) were selected from different departments and Arab countries to participate in the study. The authors used semi-structured interviews as a qualitative method for obtaining specific responses by respondents. Later, the data were analyzed based on the content analysis technique. The findings showed different challenges facing Arab candidates during their program, specifically lacking experience in research methods, academic English, and publication. On the bases of the revealed results, the study provided implications, limitations, and future directions.
This current study aimed at exploring the varieties of Apology Strategies (AS) used by EFL postgraduate learners. Besides, it investigated the relationship between AS and the gender variable. The Discourse Completion Test questionnaire (DCT) was employed as an instrument to utilize the purposes of the study. The DCT was adopted from Harb's study (2015). The respondents who participated in the study were 84 EFL learners, 42 Males (M) and 42 Females (F) respectively, who were enrolled in the master's and Ph.D. programs at Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU). The participants were from different departments and nationalities. The findings revealed that Illocutionary Force Indicating Devices (IFIDs), the accounts and reparation, were the most AS used by the respondents. Additionally, there was not a significant relationship between AS and the gender variable among EFL postgraduate learners. Based on the results, the current study provided limitations and implications for future researches.
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