Herein, for the first time, this article provides the transport properties and the association behaviour of pyridinium family-based ionic liquids in dilute solution systems. Investigation of molecular interactions via accurate molar conductance (Λ) measurements are reported for solution systems of various 1-butylpyridinium-based ionic liquids, namely [Bupy]Cl, [Bupy]Br, [Bupy][BF₄] and [Bupy][PF₆], in 10%, 30% and 50% (w/w) DMF-H₂O and MeOH-H₂O mixtures at various temperatures. The conductance data are examined via the Fuoss-Edelson equation in terms of the ionic association constant (K A ) and the limiting molar conductance (Λ o ). It is shown that the type of anion affects the ionic association constants and limiting molar conductance for each of the systems studied. For the [Bupy]⁺cation, the limiting molar conductance of the system was found to decrease in the order Cl⁻> Br⁻> [BF₄]⁻> [PF₆]⁻, with the ionic association constants following the order [BF₄]⁻> [PF₆]⁻> Br⁻>Cl⁻ in the solvents used; limiting molar conductance are also found to increase when the temperature is increased in all instances. All four of these electrolytes were solvated to a different extent by the mixture solvents, and t heir K A is influenced significantly by ionic solvation. Furthermore, the transport properties including limiting ionic conductance (λ o ± ), the transference numbers (𝑡 ± ), ionic mobility (𝑢 ± ), diffusion coefficient(𝐷 𝑜 )for individual ions, Walden product (𝛬ₒ𝜂ₒ), hydrodynamic radii (𝑅 𝐻 ) and the activation energy of the transport process (𝐸𝑎)are also estimated and discussed. Based on the temperature variations, the association constants have been examined to obtain the thermodynamic functions (∆𝐺 𝐴 𝑜 , ∆𝑆 𝐴 𝑜 and ∆𝐻 𝐴 𝑜 changes) for all systems. The results are discussed in terms of ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions, hydrogen bond formation, structural aspects, and configurational theory. It is anticipated that this information will be beneficial when attempting to modify of the ionic liquids' conductance according to the type of anion, and physical properties of the solvent mixtures.
The effect of newly synthesized gemini surfactants on the corrosion of carbon steel in 1 M HCl was investigated. The outcomes show that the inhibition effectiveness of the compounds is affected by the increasing concentration and the capability to produce micelles in an aqueous solution. Weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were used in the investigation. The obtained results show that these surfactants behave as good corrosion inhibitors. With increasing surfactant concentrations, the inhibition efficiency of the investigated compounds increases. The results show that the inhibition efficiency for the best inhibitor has 97.9% at 100 ppm. Changes in impedance parameters (charge transfer resistance, Rct, and double-layer capacitance, Cdl) were indicative of surfactant adsorption on the metal surface, resulting in the formation of a protective film, according to EIS results. The measurements of potentiodynamic polarisation revealed that the inhibitors are mixed type. Physical and chemical adsorption are demonstrated by these gemini surfactants. and is governed by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The morphology of the C-steel surface and the protective film on the surface were studied using SEM, AFM, and XPS characterization. The results of the various procedures agreed very well.
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