Post-viral aspergillosis (PVA) is a clinical form of Aspergillus infection that occurs after some viral infections. Aspergillus is the most common respiratory fungal co-pathogen in patients with viral infections. Most cases of PVA have been reported as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) after influenza, COVID-19, and the cytomegalovirus infection. PVA is more commonly reported in critically ill patients with viral pneumonia. Suggested risk factors for PVA include cellular immune deficiency, ARDS, pulmonary tracts and parenchyma damage, and corticosteroid therapy. New pulmonary nodules such as dense, well-circumscribed lesions with or without a halo sign, air crescent sign, or cavity, or wedge-shaped and segmental or lobar consolidation on the chest CT scan can suggest PVA. As in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis in other settings, triazoles, such as voriconazole or isavuconazole, have been suggested as the first-line treatment for PVA. It seems that the presence of PVA has significantly decreased the survival rate in patients with viral infections.
Introduction: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are among the most common nosocomial infections with different clinical and microbiological characteristics. We studied these characteristics in critically ill patients. Methodology: This research was a cross-sectional study conducted on intensive care unit (ICU) patients with CAUTI. Patients’ demographic and clinical information and laboratory data, including causative microorganisms and antibiotic susceptibility tests, were recorded and analyzed. Finally, the differences between the patients who survived and died were compared. Results: After reviewing 353 ICU cases, 80 patients with CAUTI were finally included in the study. The mean age was 55.9 ± 19.1 years, 43.7% were male and 56.3% were female. The mean length of infection development since hospitalisation and hospital stay were 14.7 (3–90) and 27.8 (5–98) days, respectively. The most common symptom was fever (80%). The microbiological identification showed that the most isolated microorganisms were Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae (75%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.8%), Gram-positive uropathogens (8.8%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (5%). Fifteen patients (18.8%) died among whom infections with A. baumannii (75%) and P. aeruginosa (57.1%) were associated with more death (p = 0.005). Conclusions: Although A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa can be the most important pathogens for death, MDR Enterobacteriaceae are still a serious concern as causes of CAUTIs.
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