Background:
Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, protective measures including alcohol-based hand rub, received unexampled popularity in Iran. Alcohol hand rub is effective, inexpensive and simple to use, but it is a flammable liquid, which might cause burn injuries. In this study, we investigated burn injuries due to alcohol hand sanitizers during the COVID-19 disease outbreak in Iran.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was performed on burn patients referred to Motahari Burns and Reconstruction Center from February 20th, 2020 (official announcement of the epidemic of COVID-19 in Iran) up to April 19th, 2020. All outpatients and hospitalized burn injuries caused by alcohol during the abovementioned period were included.
Results:
There were 76 burn injuries due to the use of alcohol hand sanitizer. Sixty patients were treated outpatient, and 16 were hospitalized. The mean ± SD age of patients was 33.2±17.9 years and most were males (57 individuals, 75%). Also, the mean ± SD of TBSA was 6.1±6.5%. In hospitalized ones, the mean ± SD hospital stay was 11.7±8.6 days. The most burnt area was the head (39.5%) followed by the right upper limb (35.5%) and the left upper limb (23.7%). Patients were actively engaged in burn injury in 61.8% of cases, while they were passively burnt in 34.2% of cases and in 3.9% the mechanism was unknown. Burn injuries mostly happened in the yard (22.4%) followed by the rooftop (21.1%) and outdoors (18.4%).
Conclusion:
Appropriate general education, especially through mass media, can reduce burns caused by alcohol-based sanitation during the COVID-19 outbreak. Most of these burn injuries involved face and hands, which are cosmetically and functionally important.
Background: Nausea and vomiting are one of the most common postoperative complications that cause unpleasant feelings and delays in the discharge of patients. This study aimed to compare the effect of aprepitant, ondansetron, and their combination on the severity of nausea and vomiting after this procedure for finding a safe and less indisposition regimen. Materials and methods: This study was performed on patients aged 18-50 who had been diagnosed with symptomatic cholelithiasis and who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. This study was done single-blinded. Patients were categorized into three groups (the recipient of aprepitant, the recipient of ondansetron, and the group receiving ondansetron and aprepitant simultaneously) and the rate of nausea and vomiting was measured at 6 and 24 hours after the operation. Results: The results of one-way analysis of variance analysis and Kruskal-Wallis showed that there was a significant difference between the treatment groups regarding the severity of nausea and vomiting after surgery (p < 0.001). The severity of nausea and vomiting in the group receiving ondansetron plus aprepitant is less than the other two groups. Conclusion: A combination of ondansetron plus aprepitant can reduce nausea and vomiting after surgery while the effect of aprepitant is much more than ondansetron.
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