PurposeThis paper aims to gauge the feasibility of workflow technology as a potential solution to facilitating citizen participation in policy‐making processes. The gaps in and future direction of a current workflow models to be used to automate policy‐making processes are to be discussed.Design/methodology/approachA thorough review on the principles and philosophies of policy‐making processes and process models is performed to extract the core constructs of the processes. This follows critical analysis of existing workflow models to identify gaps of the models to be used to support policy‐making processes. An e‐participation perspective is also taken to identify additional modelling constructs that are required when a large number of citizens is involved in a workflow task for opinion gathering.FindingsWhile workflow technology has been adopted in the public sector, the use of the technology is mostly limited to supporting administrative business processes, leaving the potential to automate policy‐making processes. There are some studies that take a life‐cycle approach for policy making and they can be the starting‐point of applying workflow technology to policy‐making process automation. The application of workflow technology to policy‐making processes is expected to facilitate the participation of citizens in these processes through the automatic delivery of relevant policy issues into citizens' lives. A new type of workflow model is required to reflect factors specific to the public sector, including rules for role resolution, considering large‐scale citizen participation and modelling constructs to penetrate into citizens' everyday lives for proactive stimulation for e‐participation.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis is based on a literature review, and empirical data collection could complement the analysis results of the paper. This is included in the future research agenda.Practical implicationsThe findings provide policy makers with a stimulus for adopting workflow technology in the public sector. Gap analysis and future directions of a workflow model for policy‐making processes are expected to be informative for any practitioners who are intending to develop workflow management systems in the public sector.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the first efforts to gauge the potential of using workflow technology from an e‐participation perspective to engage a wide spectrum of stakeholders, including citizens, in policy‐making processes.
The study explores strategic partnerships themes for Sustainable Agricultural Value chains (SAVC) dimensions. Acknowledging the role of stakeholders, business and not-for-profit actors, and their engagement in such partnerships, this study focuses on the latter's perspective. Literature review followed by five exploratory case studies are used to examine SAVC partnership themes. The study identifies three themes influencing strategic partnerships: the interaction between partners through cooperation, coordination, and collaboration; management of information flow between partners; and product flow management with demand-supply coordination between partners. The level of information sharing between partners also influences SAVC value creation. The findings extend value chain literature by stressing the theoretical association between the identified antecedents and partnership in the sustainability value chain in general and the SAVC in particular. The exploratory case studies provide real-life perspectives and a practical framework in the context of SAVC. Managers, policymakers and international funded programs can also benefit from the current key findings and the new framework as a referential basis to form a partnership strategy in agricultural sectors. This research suggests a further test for the conceptual framework using large-scale surveys in diverse geographic contexts and looking at trans-border value chain partnerships, especially in different country contexts that influence sustainable development and partnerships in SAVC.
Present research was intended to examine the association between suicidal ideation and clinical anger among the physically disabled. The Purposive Convenient study was conducted at Artificial Limbs Centre, Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi from February 2016 to November 2016. The modified scale for suicidal ideation and the clinical anger scale were used for data collection. Sample comprised of 150 physically disabled individuals including 87 (56%) males and 63 (42%) females. Findings revealed that suicidal ideation had significant positive relationship with clinical anger and females were significantly higher in clinical anger and suicidal ideation as compared to males. Furthermore,results revealed higher mean scores on clinical anger by the participants having the problem of spinal cord 26.10±9.25 and suicidal ideation is higher in persons having problem of polio 15.87±9.41as compared to other physical disabilities. The study highlighted the need develop and enhance mental and physical health. Continuous...
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