Nanofluids behave like non-Newtonian fluids in many cases and, therefore, studying their symmetrical behavior is of paramount importance in nanofluid heat transfer modeling. This article attempts to provide are flection on symmetry via thorough description of a variety of non-Newtonian models and further provides a comprehensive review of articles on non-Newtonian models that have applied symmetrical flow modeling and nanofluid heat transfer. This study reviews articles from recent years and provides a comprehensive analysis of them. Furthermore, a thorough statistical symmetrical analysis regarding the commonality of nanoparticles, base fluids and numerical solutions to equations is provided. This article also investigates the history of nanofluid use as a non-Newtonian fluid; that is, the base fluid is considered to be non-Newtonian fluid or the base fluid is Newtonian, such as water. However, the nanofluid in question is regarded as non-Newtonian in modeling. Results show that 25% of articles considered nanofluids with Newtonian base fluid as a non-Newtonian model. In this article, the following questions are answered for the first time: Which non-Newtonian model has been used to model nanofluids? What are the most common non-Newtonian base fluids? Which numerical method is most used to solve non-Newtonian equations?
This paper investigates mate selection behavior with respect to both class position and individuals characteristics in the marriage market. The theoretical prediction of model can suggest not only those ones that belong to upper and lower class will marry within own class but also they can form the interclass marriage. Accordingly, the hypothesis is that the persons in upper and lower classes marry within own class. Logit regressions show that the ratio of probability of intraclass to interclass marriage decreases as partners belong to upper and lower classes in Tehran. This result indicates that partners' differentiations measured by love and quality in family formation, are important determinants in mate selection rather than class position of individuals in a traditional society such as Tehran.
This study deals with investigation of existence of monetary policy risk channel in the economy of Iran. For the same purpose, the seasonal data of macroeconomic variables are used in such a manner that changes in interest rate as an indicator of monetary policy and bank leverage ratio as an indicator of risk are considered. Using VAR approach and Impulse response functions, the experimental test of channel of monetary policy risk in the economy of Iran was examined. The results showed that an expansionary monetary policy which occurs by decrease in interest rates causes that risk of bank system to be increased. In addition, it should be stated that inflation had positive impacts and economic growth had negative impacts on the risk of bank system.
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