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Background: Considering the importance of the hand hygiene behaviors for the prevention of COVID-19 transmission, the current study was conducted to investigate the changes in hand-washing behaviors and its related factors among the northern Iranian population during the first peak and subsidence of COVID-19 pandemic period.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during two periods in Guilan (Northern provinces of Iran). First period conducted at the first peak of COVID-19 pandemic in Iran (between 03/23/2020 and 03/30/2020), and second period conducted at the first subsidence of COVID-19 pandemic in Iran (between 05/3/20 and 05/10/2020). The questionnaire was completed by 571 adult participants. Data on frequency, procedure and circumstances of hand-washing and obsessive-like behaviors were collected. Potential correlates of reduction in frequency of hand washing were analyzed by multiple logistic regression.Result: Compared to peak of COVID-19 pandemic, frequency and procedure of hand-washing and obsessive-like behaviors were significantly reduced at the subsidence of COVID-19 pandemic (all p<0.05). Females with negative family history of coronavirus disease had greater odds (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 2.19, P =0.03) of reduction in the frequency of daily hand-washing. Younger than 50 years old males and males who reduced the procedure of hand-washing had greater odds (AOR = 1.71, P =0.02 and AOR = 2.16, P =0.001, respectively) of reduction in the frequency of daily hand-washing. Conclusion: Northern Iranian populations were found to decrease their frequency and quality of hand washing and obsessive-like behaviors over time from the first peak to first subsidence of COVID-19 pandemic. Here, the factors that independently predicted reduction in frequency of hand washing in male population were younger age and reduction in procedure of hand-washing and in female population was a negative family history of coronavirus disease. Thus, special attention should be paid to maintaining the general population’s perceived susceptibility to illness, especially in younger men during the pandemic.
Background: The current study aimed to measure and decomposes socioeconomic-related inequalities in DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) index among adults in Iran. Methods: The study data was drawn from the adult component of Perspective Epidemiological research studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) from 17 centers in 14 different provinces of Iran. DMFT score was used as a measure of oral health among adults in Iran. The relative and generalized (absolute) concentration index (RC and GC, respectively) was used to quantify and decompose socioeconomic-related inequalities in DMFT among Iranian adults (35 years and older). Results: A total of 128813 adults aged 35 and older, who are enrolled in the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN), were included in the study. The mean score of DMFT of the adults was 6.01 (SD=3.17). The findings suggested that DMFT was mainly concentrated among the poor in the 14 provinces included in the study (RC = -0.064; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.066 to -0.063 and GC = -0.387; 95% CI, 0.397 to -0.377). In addition, SES, being male, older age and being widow or divorced were identified as the main factors contributing to the concentration of DMFT among the worse-off in Iran. Conclusions: It is recommended to focus in the oral health status of socioeconomically disadvantaged groups in order to reduce socioeconomic-related inequality in oral health among adults in Iran. Moreover, it should be noted that reducing socioeconomic-related inequalities in oral health should be accompanied by appropriate health promotion policies that focus actions on the fundamental socio-economical causes of dental disease.
Background: The current study aimed to measure and decomposes socioeconomic-related inequalities in DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) index among adults in Iran. Methods: The study data was drawn from the adult component of Perspective Epidemiological research studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) from 17 centers in 14 different provinces of Iran. DMFT score was used as a measure of oral health among adults in Iran. The relative and generalized (absolute) concentration index (RC and GC, respectively) was used to quantify and decompose socioeconomic-related inequalities in DMFT among Iranian adults (35 years and older). Results: A total of 128813 adults aged 35 and older, who are enrolled in the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN), were included in the study. The mean score of DMFT of the adults was 6.01 (SD=3.17). The findings suggested that DMFT was mainly concentrated among the poor in the 14 provinces included in the study (RC = -0.064; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.066 to -0.063 and GC = -0.387; 95% CI, 0.397 to -0.377). In addition, SES, being male, older age and being widow or divorced were identified as the main factors contributing to the concentration of DMFT among the worse-off in Iran. Conclusions: It is recommended to focus in the oral health status of socioeconomically disadvantaged groups in order to reduce socioeconomic-related inequality in oral health among adults in Iran. Moreover, it should be noted that reducing socioeconomic-related inequalities in oral health should be accompanied by appropriate health promotion policies that focus actions on the fundamental socio-economical causes of dental disease.
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