Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most frequently occurring infections worldwide seeking medical attentions. The etiology of UTI and the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of uropathogens vary in regions and change through time. This study aims to evaluate the pathogens responsible for causing UTI and analyze the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the isolated uropathogens. This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Bangladesh Medical College, Dhaka over a period of January 2018 to December 2019. Out of 11,274 urine samples, 1452 (12.88%) were positive for uropathogens by culture. Among these 1452 isolates, majority of them 936 (64.46%) were isolated from females. Escherichia coli 899 (61.91%) was the predominant organism followed by Enterococccus species 168 (11.57%), Klebsiella species 140 (9.64%), Enterobacter species 137 (9.44%). Escherichia coli showed high rate of sensitivity to nitrofurantoin 79.76%, gentamicin 75.31%, amikacin 88.65%, imipenem 97.89% and meropenem 80.87%. Pseudomonas species showed high rate of sensitivity to imipenem 70.45%. Enterococcus species showed high rate of sensitivity to vancomycin 94.05%, imipenem 70.83% and linezolid 79.76%. UTI is a very common problem and rate of antimicrobial resistance is increasing day by day. Therefore, each institution should have an antibiotic policy based on the local antibiogram which is to be renewed regularly. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2020; 14 (2): 3-11

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people of all ages. On time diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial treatment is of utmost important to save the lives of affected ones. The present study is aimed to determine the bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of blood culture isolates among BSI suspected patients attending in Uttara Adhunik Medical College and Hospital from 1st July to 31st December, 2020. This cross sectional study was conducted among 1,675 BSI suspected patients. About 10 ml of venous blood for adults and 2-3 ml for children was collected aseptically and transferred into an automated blood culture bottle. The BD BACTEC FX40 automated blood culture method was used to isolate bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. The rate of bacteriologically confirmed cases was 222/1675 (13%). Majority of BSI were caused by gram negative bacteria predominantly Salmonella Typhi (51%) followed by Salmonella paratyphi (15%), Escherichia coli (15%), Klebsiella spp. (7%), Staphylococcus aureus (6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%). Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi isolates showed 100% susceptibility to meropenem and ceftriaxone. A higher percentage of strains of Salmonella Typhi (80%,84%,85%) and Salmonella Paratyphi (93%,95%,95%) were found sensitive to amoxiclav, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole whereas only 4% isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin which is an alarming situation. None of the antibiotic was 100% effective against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Amikacin and meropenem were found more effective against gram negative bacteria. In this study, none of the S. aureus strains showed resistance to cloxacillin, amoxiclav, gentamicin and doxycycline and sensitivity to azithromycin and clindamycin were found 40% and 50% respectively. Multidrug resistance among blood stream isolates are increasing in a threatening way which need to be addressed through effective surveillance and infection control strategies. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2021; 15 (2): 5-11